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Louisville Lawyer Published by The University of Louisville School of Law Vol. VI Louisville Ky., May, 1961 No.2 Truman To Address State Bar Association HARRY S. TRUMAN Former U. s.· President SAM J. STALLINGS President Ky. Bar Assn. By John L. Arnett Former President Harry S. Truman will visit Louisville this month to speak to the Kentucky State Bar Association. His address will be at a convention banquet of the association at 7 p.m. Thursday, May 25, at the Kentucky Hotel. Governor Bert T. Combs will introduce him. A reception honoring Truman is planned for bar members and their guests at 6:30 p.m. at the hotel. Truman hopes to make a few visits while here in Louisville. It is hoped by University of Louisville officials that Truman can visit the campus. Truman has been offered an honorary doctorate of law from the Law School while in Louisville. Dean Marlin Volz said that the faculty of the Law School recommended to the faculty of the Graduate School that Truman be awarded the degree. President Philip Davidson's office is still awaiting a reply from Truman. Truman's last visit here was a little more than a year ago when he spoke at the Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner March 19. Samuel J. Stallings, Louisville, is the association's president. George T. Ross, Richmond, is president-elect. The bar convention will start Wednesday and end Friday. The program will include: A session on pretrial conferences, at 2 p.m. Wednesday, with Federal Jud~e Henry L. Brooks, Louisville, as mod~rator . Aa address by Lt. Gov. Wilson W. Wyatt at the noon luncheon Thursday. Talks by Daniel J. Cantor, Phila- • ' delphia, consultant on law office management, at 9:30 a.m. and 2 p.m. Friday. A session on trial practice, also at 2 p.m. Friday, with H. Alva Brumfi eld, Baton Rouge, La., speaking for the plaintiff and Josh H. Groce, San Antonio, Tex., for the defense. Miller to Receive Faculty Award Robert Neville Miller will receive the certificate presented annually by the faculty of the University of Louisville Law School to an outstanding former Professor of Law. The certificate will be presented on May 24 at the joint meeting of the University of Louisville Law School Alumni and the Kentuckv State Bar Association. After rec~iving his L.L.B. Cum Laude from Harvard, Mr. Miller taught at the Law School in the early 1900's. He then served as an aide to Justice Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court and was the reason for the many contributions which the eminent Justice made to the University. At present Mr. Miller is practicing with the law firm of Miller-Chevalier in Washington, D. C, Alumni Foundation Established February 22 by Allan Weiss Eighty alumni of the University of Louisville School of Law voted to establish a Law Alumni Foundation at a Kentucky Hotel luncheon on February 22. The official name of the Corporation is to be The Law Alumni Foundation of the University of Louisville. The Corporation is being organized for charitable, scientific, literary, civic, and educational purposes. Section 1 of the Articles of Incorporation states the following objective: "To establish, operate and maintain research and investigation in the fields of law, legislation, legal education and jurisprudence at the University School of Law." The Foundation also plans to establish endowments, scholarships, lectureships and Chairs for teachers of the law. These will be implemented by acquisition of a legal library and research center for the School of Law. The membership will be limited to alumni of Jefferson School of Law or School of Law, University of Louisville. The Officers, and Board of Trustees are as follows: Benjamin F. Washer, honorary president; Leo T. Wolford, president; Daniel P. Marshall, Jr., vice president; Maxey B. Harlin, vice president; Ernest Woodford, Jr., secretary; Garnett Cook, treasurer. Board of Trustees one years terms: Arthur J. Deindorfer, L. Leroy Highbaugh, Thomas L. Ray, Samuel J. Stallings, Leo T. Wolford, Ernest Woodward, Jr. Two year terms: Daniel B. Boone, James E. Fahey, James H. Frazee, Maxey B. Harlin, Malcolm Johnson, Daniel P. Marshall, Jr. Three year terms: Garnett Cook, Manny H. Frockt, Fred M. Goldberg, Cornelius W. Grafton, William L. Grubbs, James W. Stites. "This is quite a significant thing for the Law School," commented Law School Dean Marlin Volz. "Our emphasis is to get everyone to give something." Dean Volz further stated that "the annual gifts average about $1,700 and already tllis year we have received $1,400. We hope the annual average will be doubled this year." Dean Volz said that the school needs a new wing to its building on Belknap Campus. And he would like to see a dormitory mainly for married students built adjacent to the Law School. Each project would cost about $250,000. He said the school also needs more money for scholarships, for hiring visiting lecturers, and for developing a graduate program. "Ladies First" Judge John S. Palmore of the Kentucky Court of Appeals discusses the successful defense made by Mrs. Virginia Davis, 2424 Concord Drive, second from left, and Miss Mary Lou Trautwein, 124 N. 41st, in the annual moot-court finals. Also pictured are runners-up Ronald Snyder, Jeffersontown, and Harry Shapiro, 2071 Ravina, at far right. (Story on page 8) I . Two THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER From The Editors Desk The Alumni Foundation All alumni, students, and friends of the University of Louisville School of Law should be very happy, yet challenged, to learn that om alumni association has established an Alumni Foundation "to handle finances in behalf of promoting the Law School and improving its facilities." Those facilities were ample when om beautiful edifice was opened in 1938. Then the School, only a day school, had 74 students, fom full time faculty members, and a library of 17,000 books. Now om building is cramped everywhere with 207 students, both day and night, with 10 full time faculty members who must have space in which to teach, and an overflowing library of 45,000 books. It will take a quarter of a million dollars to build a new wing alone. Our school is becoming more and more important in the life of the city and the Commonwealth. Dean Marlin M. Volz is recognized by everyone as an energetic and imaginative man. Each professor is deeply interested in making this institution the very best possible. The alumni and students desire a University of Louisville School of Law of which we can be proud. As Dean Volz penned in the November, 1958 edition of this publication soon after being appointed Dean: "Excellence in legal education depends, first, upon an effective partnership of faculty, students, and alumni functioning cooperatively and enthusiastically together to achieve higher goals." Nearly one million dollars has been given to the School over the years in the way of equipment, books, scholarships, and endowment. However, although we can justly boast of past attainments, let us join together in purpose, "forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before," pressing toward the mark for the prize of calling our beloved alma mater the best law school anywhere. A Need For International Law One thing is obvious from a glance at the headlines of om nation's newspapers: the importance of international understanding on the part of the peoples of the world. One significant thread is dominant throughout the phases of events that make today's headlines: the growing significance of legal relations between the nations of the world. Today, more than ever in the history of the United States, the problems of international law are making a deep impression upon the citizens of our country. Recently our attention has been focused upon the controversial Eichman trial, the space achievements of Russia's Yuri Gagarin, the Powers' case, the Congo crisis, the Santa Maria incident, and the crucial Cuban situation, just to mention a fragment of the ever increasing mass of occurrences on an international level. Today the question is, "To what extent will American lawyers need an understanding of international law to serve their clients adequately?" To say that "international law is important," would certainly be trite. The point to be emphasized is that the students, the law schools, and the attorneys of this state should become aware of the increasing need for an understanding of this phase of legal life. As communication facilities make the world more compact, the part that international law will play in the lawyer's career will also increase. These facts reaffirm the obligation of today's lawyer to strive for the enhancement of human dignity and progress. The bmden is upon the student to take advantage of the opportunities offered in the field of international legal studies; it is upon the faculties to impress upon their students the need of an adequate education in the international law field. Finally, the attorney has the opportunity through various phases of continuing legal education to supplement his competence in international law. Om law school offers International Law only in summer school, which prohibits most of the students from taking advantage of this important subject. The faculty committee concerning cmriculum changes met recently, but the realm of international studies was not mentioned. Whether this course will be included in the regular law school curriculum immediately or in the future should be discussed by this same committee. Legal education in this field should and must parallel the dynamic progress of American life, for the day is soon to come when a great part of every lawyer's practice will be in the field of international law. Professor Johnson Re tires The Law School is saddened by the resignation of Professor Joseph S. Johnson. We will miss very much the tall, deep-voiced former F. B. I. agent who has taught several courses in his nine year tenme here. The standing ovation given him at May Day festivities was an indication of our feeling for him. All friends of the Law School wish him and Mrs. Johnson sincere best wishes as they retire to the Sunshine State. -Carroll Hubbard, ]r. Dean's Report To The Alumni Dean Marlin M. Volz We are grateful to the Louisville Lawyer and its staff for keeping the alumni so well informed on new developments in the law school. There is little that can be added to their reports of specific events and projects. A word then on the philosophy of the law school may be in order. We proceed on tl1e theory that our law students are and must be ladies and gentlemen in the best traditions of Kentucky society. Dean Russell, Dean Peden and their predecessors have always stressed this quality. The Honor Code which they instituted and which works so well is exemplary of this attitude. It is our desire that the attributes of the gentleman will exemplify each of our graduates and be the distinctive characteristic of the "Louisville Lawyer". These are times which demand much of the legal profession in professional competence, in social understanding, in the improvement of the law and legal procedures to meet the needs of a dynamic society, in the preservation of the independence, freedom and liberty of the individual, and in reconciling through law the conflicts between property and human rights. It is om hope that our students and graduates will be "whole lawyers" upholding the responsibilities of a noble profession to the law and its great traditions. Alumni Roundup Tallies 1706 How many graduates of the U. of L. Law School are now practicing in Miami, Florida? Is there a U. of L. graduate in Sandy Hook, Kentucky? These and many others points of cmiosity, as well as some very valuable information, can be found in the recently published directory of the living alumni of the School of law. The directory is a product of the Law School Alumni Associat:on, and lists - geographically as well as by class - lhe living graduates of the UniYersity of Louisville School of Law and the Jefferson School of Law. The business and home addresses of the grads are also given in the directory, which is the first of its kind for the U. of L. Annual supplements are planned. Some points of interest contained in the directory: of the 1706 living graduates of the two schools, 818 are still in Louisville. Another 412 are practicing in Kentucky outside of Louisville. Of the remaining 476, Indiana has by far the largest representation with 138 graduates. Next in line is Florida with 34 (eight in Miami), followed by Ohio with 32, and California and Virginia with 30 each. There are Louisville graduates practicing in 39 states and the District of Columbia. (And we do have a graduate in Sandy Hook, Kentucky.) Seven Pass Bar Exam Seven University of Louisville Law School graduates were successful on the Kentucky State Bar exam given in March of this year. They are: Marion G. Gilliam, Robert P. Hastings, John Frith Stewart, Kenneth A. Kallbrier, and George H. Logan, all of Louisville; John 0. Hardin, III, of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and Eddie C. Lovelace, of Gray, Kentucky. ZIRKLE HEADS BAR The present officers of the Louisville Bar Association are Charles B. Zirkle, president; Randolph Brown, vice-president; J. D. Raine, secretary; and Daniel Marshall, treasurer. Jack Mudd is president-elect of the group. Qlf1r 14nui.auillr 1£awyrr Published by the University of Louisville School of Law Student Bar Association two times a year for School of Law students, faculty and alumni. Editor-in-Chief- ........... _ __ _____________ ___________ .. __________ ________C arroll Hubbard, Jr. Associate Editor _____ _________________ __ ______ .. ___ __ __ _______________ ______ _____ David J. Thompson News Editor______________________ .. ___________ __ ________________ _James L. S mpson, 1!1 Feature Editor __ ___ ____ __ ___________ _______________ .. ________________________ __ ____ Walter L. Cato, Jr. Circulation Manager ____ _____ _______ ---- ----- --- --- ---------- ---- - __ __ William A. McHugh, Jr. Photographer ____ __ _ __ __ __ __ ------- ---------------------------- ------------ ----- -- ____ Paul E. Miller Faculty Advisor .... -- ---------- --- .. -- ----- ----- -- -------- ---------- --- ---- ---- ------ --Robert W. Foster Reporte1'S-John L. Arnett, Richard D. Remmers, Jerry W. Nall, Beniamin Rosenbaum, John F. Rogers, Allan Weiss, John E. Sloane, Harry Shapiro. Circulation: 2,500 THE LomsviLLE LAWYER Illegal Searches and by Laurence D. Knowles Contemporary crime has little relation with the footpads and highwaymen of past eras. Clean-shaven, business-suited criminals form the moving force in society's largest criminal problems. The distilleries and trucks of bootleggers, the physical evidence of burglaries and robberies, no longer speak for the amount of crime committed. Subversion. narcotics distribution and gambling syndicalism have resfectable outward appearances. Law enforcement agencies must rely on new methods to uncover crime concealed by this "new look". A pr.ncipal method in this attempt to "fight fire with fire" has been illegal search and seizure. The Fourth Amendment to the Conshtution of the U. S. forbids the Federal Government to conduct illegal searches and seizures.l The Supreme Cour. in 1914 held that evidence obtained by federal officers by an illegal search and seizure would be inadmissable in a federal criminal prosecution. 2 The Court pointed out, however, that the Fourth Amendment did not require this suppression. The evidence was excluded merely as a rule of federal policy, the purpose being to discourage federal illegal searches and seizures. Consequently, since the evidence itself was not constitutionally invalid, it could be ad-. mitted if the Supreme Court so chose. Similarly, if the reason were not present for its exclusion ( i. e. to deter federal officers from conducting illegal searches and seizures), the court logically should admit the evidence. Thus evidence illegally procured by state officers was held admissable in federal prosecutions. 3 Federal Decisions Subsequent federal decisions developed few limitations on federal use of illegally procured evidence. One was that federal officers could not participate in the search.4 The other was that the search and seizure be made solely on behalf of the United States.5 The possibility of statefederal co-operat;on was little limited by these qualifications. 6 If the federal officers merely kept out of sight, the burden of proof that the search was instigated by them was practically impossible to carry by the defendant.7 Willingness of state officials to cooperate, or at least promote federal crime enforcement by conducting illegal searches has increased tremendously in the last few decades. The reasons are several. Organized crime extends through several states and federal jurisdiction is needed for large scale operations. Secondly, the cost of criminal prosecutions is shifted to the federal treasury. Thirdly, as the need for an illegal search increased as a crime combative device, so had the unwillingness of state courts to admit this evidence.s As a result, in a state which excluded illegally procured evidence, the impetus was great to cooperate with the federal authorities. On June 27, l96J the Supreme Court, in Elkins v. United States,f1 put an end to the use of all illegally procured evidence in federal prosecutions. However, the Court still refused to hold that illegally procured evidence is constitutionally invalid. At best the decision will discourage state conducted illegal searches for use in federal prosecutions. The author of this issue's review article, Laurence D. Knowles, received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1955 from LaSalle College in Philadelphia and his LLB in 1958 from Rutgers University, where he was selected as editor of the Rutgers Law Review. He was awarded a Sterling Fellowship at Yale U niversity, where he obtained the LLM degree. Mr. Knowles is now working toward the ]SD dzgree through Yale. A native of New Jersey, Mr. Knowles joined the faculty of the University of Louisville School of Law in 1959 and teaches the Public Law courses. He serves as Associate Editor of the Family Law I ournal and is a member of the Kentucky Bar, having taken the state bar examination in 1960. The State Courts State Courts may constitutionally admit illegally procured evidence in state prosecutions.lO Twenty-four of the fifty states hold ~hat illegally procured evidence may be admitted to their courts. Although every state constitution, save one, has a provision analogous to the Fourth Amendment, the twenty-four states see no reason to allow a "criminal to go free because the constable bungled." (One might question whether the bulk of illegal searches are not planned illegality, and are not a product of inept police work.) This term the Supreme Court held that state officers would be liable under the Federal Civil Rights Act for illegal searches, but still refused to hold the evidence inadmissable . !~ This decesion places an effective deterrent upon illegal searches conducted by Seizures state officers. Despite the fact that the evidence is admissable, state officers will not want to risk a civil suit to procure it. Since the Supreme Court has repeatedly refused to hold the illegally procured. evidence invalid, federal officers could procure it, and leave the prosecution to the states. This opportunity for federal-state cooperation was thought severely limited by Rea. 1) . United States,12 in which a federal officer was enjoined from testifying in a state court as regards evidence he illegally Frocured. Without the procuring officer the foundation for the evidence may be impossible to establish. However, the Supreme Court very recently intimated that the Rea case will be severly limited, and that federal courts may not enjoin federal officers from testifying in state prosecu~ ions.13 Consequently, since the Civil Rights Acts do not _ apply to federal officers, there is no deterrent (except internal discipline) for federal -state cooperation in illegal searches. Conclusion The recent Supreme Court cases appear to severely discourage illegal searches and seizures. However, depending upon a clarification of the Rea doctrine, the Supreme Court may have made no advance at all. Merely the searcher and the prosecutor will change places. l."The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath of affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." 2.Weeks v. U.S., 232 U.S. 383. 3. Id. at 398 ............................... .... . 4.Burdeau v. McDowell, 256 U.S. 465. 5.Byars v. U.S., 273 U.S. 28 (1927). 6.Gamoino v. U.S., 275 U.S. 310 {1927). 7.The Prohibition cases point up the difficulty of proof. Kitt v. U.S., vcB F. 2d 920 (4th. Cir. 1943); Sloane v. U. S., 47 F. 2d 800 (lOth Cir. 1921). The federal-state agreements as regards liquor law violations apparently were that if the activity were on a large scale, the federal government would prosecute, it not, then the state would prosecute. SeeFowler v. U.S., 62 F. 2d 656 (7th. Cir. 1932). 8.People v. Cahan, 44 Cal. 2d 434, 282 P. 2d 905 {1955); Rickards v. State, 45 Del. 573, 77 A. 2d 199 ( 19 50) ; State v. Mills, 246 N.E. 237, 98 S.E. 2d 329 ( 1957). 9.--U. S.--{1961). lO.Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 {1949). ll.Monroe v. Pape, --U. S.--. {1961) . 12.350 U.S. 214 (1956). l3.Wilson v. Schnettler, --U. S.-( 1961 ). Peden, Warns Granted Leaves Three Professors William Peden and Carl Warns have been granted leaves of absence from the Law School for tl1e fall semester of 1961. Mr. Peden will attend the graduate division of the New York University School of Law and complete work necessary for the LL.M. degree in taxation. During the summer of 1959 Peden attended New York University as a Kennison Fellow. Mr. Warns has been selected as the permanent arbitrator for the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and the Rubber Workers in their nationwide agreement. Both professors will return to their regular assignments at the Law School in January of 1962. Remmers Voted Senate President Richard D. Remmers Richard D. Remmers, a 24 year-old junior, has been elected President of the University of Louisville Student Senate (the student body's governing organization) for the school year 1961 -62. His election was announced May 4 immediately after the final meeting of the Student Senate. Remmers, a 1959 honor graduate of Notre Dame University, is Editor of the Law School section of the University of Louisville yearbook, the Thoroughbred. He was secretary of the Moot Court Club last year, and now serves as Vice-Justice of Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity. While a student at the Law School Remmers has worked as law clerk in the offices of Redmon, McAfee, Ewen, and Davenport. "Rick" is also active in Kentucky politics, serving at present as ViceChairman of the Third Congressional District on the state Young Democratic Club's executive committee. Deddo G. "Jerry" Lynn, a senior law student who graduated with honors at Xavier University, served this school year as president of the student senate of the University of Louisville. Four THE LoUisviLLE LAWYER Georgetown 1s Dr. Speaks At Honors M iII s Day Hastings Wins Four Awards By David Thompson The fourth annual University of Louisville Law School Honors Da program was held on May 1 in the Allen Court Room. The Honors Day activities, held in official observance of Law Day, . S. saluted a number of U. of L. law students for their achievements, both academic and extra-curricular, during the 1960-61 school year. Guest peaker for the program was Dr. Robert L. 1ills, Pre ident of Georgetown College. 1arlin 1. Volz, Dean of the Law School, presided. Dr. Robert L. Mills Dr. ~1ills, a native of Erlanger, Ky., graduated with honors from the niversity of Kentucky, where he holds a doctor's degree with a major in educational adminstration. Pre ide.nt Mills has had wide experience in many fields of education. !lis educational research includes work with the Kentucky Bureau of Administration and Finance and the Legislative Re earch Commission. In more recent years he ha devoted his efforts entirely to college admini tration. Before going to the Univer ity of Texas as head of the Deparbnent of Educational Administration, he was Dean of Admissions and Registrar at the University of Kentucky. Dr. ~!ills urged the student body to strive for excellence in all things. "Excellence requires a deep sense of purpose," he said. "It requires a vision of mind, of the heart, and of the conscience. I commend you to a sen e of purpose which leads to excellence." The Georgetown president reminded the students that each man is a link between the past and the future. and any man who does not ee himself in this respect "does not rlay his prorer role in this present day which is his". "What we do in the future," said Dr. Mills, "depends on what we do today." Following Dr. Mills' address, the awards presentations were made. Robert P. Hastings, a January graduate of the Law School now practicing in Louisville, was the recipient of a $100 cash award given by the Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation for the highest grades earned in all property courses. Hastings also won a set of the U. S. Code, presented by Senator John Sherman Cooper; the outstanding senior award given by the Delta Theta Phi Law Fraternity, and the Omicron Delta Kappa award to the outstanding male student. Gerald Kiel was the winner of a $100 cash award presented by the Louisville Title Insurance Company to the graduating senior who makes the highest grade in Future Interest. A $250 cash award was presented to Miss Joyce Ferris for her winning essay on copyright law in the Nathan Burkan Memorial Competition. Miss Dorothy Cox was the recipient of a 100 cash award given by the Louisville Title Insurance Company to the graduating senior who has shown the most progress in all tl1e property courses. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity honored past Justice Robert Breetz as the outstanding senior, and present Justice Edward Briscoe as the outstanding freshman. Helen A. Viney was chosen outstanding woman student by the members of Kappa Beta Pi Law Sorority. Robert Breetz, John Sloane and David Beckman were recognized for their work as the Law School's ational Moot Court representatives, and tl1e Bureau of National Affairs Award for the senior who has made the most progress in his senior year went to John C. Thrapp. Certificates were presented to the members of the Briefing Service, the Judicial Assistantship Program, and the Journal of Family Law, as well as to tl1e participants in the recent Moot Court arguments held at the University. The annual Book Awards were presented to tl1ose students who received the highest grades in each course. 207 ENROLLED Two hundred seven students are enrolled in classes at the law school tl1is semester. There are 114 day students, whereas ninety-three are enrolled in the night classes. The day students are divided as follows: thirty-one seniors, thirty-two juniors, and forty-five freshmen. There are fifty-six first year night students, while the other three classes have ten, tl1irteen, and fourteen, respectively. Professor Johnson To Retire Prof. Joseph S. Johnson By Bill McHugh and Rick Remmers At the conclusion of the 1961 spring semester Professor Joseph S. Johnson plans to retire from the Law School faculty. Professor Johnson has been a member of the faculty since 1952 and has taught courses in Criminal Law, Insurance, Evidence, Legal Writing, and Legal Research. He was particularly conversant with many unusual aspects of Criminal Law, as he was an agent for tl1e Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1929 to 1950. A native of North Dakota, Johnson received his B.A. degree from St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota, in 1920, and his J. D. degree from the University of Chicago in 1928. An avid golfer, he takes an active interest in many other sports and has ~erved on the university's Athletic Committee. As chairman of the university's Parking Committee, Professor Johnson served as "Chief Justice" in all cases involving infractions of the parking regulations. When Kappa Beta Pi legal fraternity (women's international) was organized here last year, Johnson was chosen as faculty advisor for the organization. He takes considerable pride in being the only male in the organization and the members demonstrated their appreciation by awarding him the Honor Key of Kappa Beta Pi. Upon retirement, Professor and Mrs. -ohnson plan to live in southern Florida and occasionally visit their cottage on the Pelican Lakes in :\1ichigan. SBA Buys Typev.rriiers The Student Bar Association has purchased two reconditioned typewriters for use by students in the library. In addition, one of the typewriters being useA. already has undergone repair. Curriculum Changes by Harry Shapiro The law school takes no exception in trying to further its curriculum needs and thus equip the law student with a more varied and interesting course structure. A faculty committee concerning curriculum, composed of Professors Robert Foster, William Peden, Ralph Petrilli and Carl Warns, submitted their report to the faculty meeting and their recommendations were unanimously adopted. Most of the present courses will be kept but certain titles will be modified so as to suggest a truer analysis of the course study. Also, a few courses such as Labor Law, Legal Research, Lerral Writing, and Legal Accounting ~ill be rearranged so as to give the stu-.!ent the best opportunity for achieving t;.e most out of the course. Freshmen will have Legal Research and Writing their first year and will thus be provided with a tool to use in preparing moot court briefs and also a better background for the last two years. Labor Law will be moved to the third year in order to insure that earlier courses can be taken which are prerequisites for this particular study. Legal Accounting will also be required of all students who have not previously had similar courses in this field. Before graduation, students will have to have taken at least one of the following: Jurisprudence, Comparative Law, Legal History, or International Law. These courses are intended to provide the graduate with a broader prospective needed for his responsibility of leadership and law improvement. Due to the increased importance of Conflicts of Laws, the course will be enlarged to four hours. This will enable a greater amount of material to be covered during the semester. Conflicts of Laws has become one of the most changing courses due to the tremendous amount of federal and state legislation enacted each year. This step by our law school is one which most of the law schools throughout the country are taking. Many other suggestions were discussed and their initial planning has been started. These include bar courses to be taught in summer school. Several of our studen~s go to summer school in order to graduate early 1nrl certain courses must be taken before one takes the bar exams. Thus, the law school will offer at least two of these courses every summer. Other weaknesses were discussed concerning the third year program. It was suggested that the student elect from one of a series of courses which would provide factual problems similar to those he will encounter in the practice of law and to give him an opportunity to investigate in depth one or more aspects of law in a field of particular interest. These curriculum changes will provide a new and more direct avenue to the preparation of lawy.,rs. THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER Five Kentucky Governors Split 4 - 3 On Court of Appeals' Judges Selection Gov. Bert T. Combs 1959- Gov. Earle C. Clements 1947- 1951 Combs. Clements. Willis. and Sampson Favor Present Method of Election by Carroll Hubbard, Jr. and John L. Arnett The consensus of the present and of all living former governors of .Kentuck as to whether the judges of the Kentucky Court of ppeals hould be elected or appointed favors election by the people of the Commonwealth. B o t h Republican ex-governors, imeon . Willi and Flem D. Sampon, fa,·or the present elective system. They are joined in the majority opiniou by Democrats Bert T. Combs and Earle C. Clements. Former Governor Albert B. Chandler, Lawrence \ . Wetherby, and Keen Johnson, voicing the minority opinion, believe that the appointment method is best. Gov. Albert B. Chandler 1935- 1939 1955 -195~ The Court now consists of seven judges, each elected from a separate judicial district for an eight year term. The terms are staggered so that no more than four judges are elected in one year. Governor Combs, a former Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals, believes our present system of election is basically sound. He thinks the elections should be non-partisan and that Gov. Lawrence W. Wetherby 1951- 1955 Gov. Simeon S. Willis 1943- 1947 the decisions of the court thus far have been non-political. Combs did not approve of the procedure in some states where the judges of the highest state court are appointed by the governor from a list of recommendations by the state bar association, because "politics is not thereby eliminated." Recommendations by the Kentucky State Bar Association may be useful, Combs believes, in assisting the voter, but the ultimate choice should lie with the people in the separate dis-tricts. Willis, governor from 1943-1947 and also a member of the Court of Appeals, would make only one change in the present system : He recommends that the candidates appear on a non-partisan ballot, in order that Gov. Keen Johnson 1939- 1943 -Courier Journal Photos Gov. Flem Sampson 1927- 1931 the choice would be based on the qualifications and not the party affiation of the particular candidate. Clements, governor 1947-1955, puts little credence in any appointive system because "it would eliminate little if any politics from the judgeships." He believes that "in a democracy, the people should be allowed to select their own judges, based primarily on standards defined by the legislature. If these standards are inadequate, they should be raised by the legislature to be commensurate with the will of the people." Also having the distinction of being both governor and chief justice of the Court of Appeals is Flem Sampson, governor 1927-1931. Governor Sampson feels that generally Kentucky has had well qualified judges in the Court of Appeals, although the state has had some politics in the judiciary. He feels tl1at the people should continue to select the judges by the ballot based on the qualifications and integrity of the individual candidates. CHANDLER, WETHERBY AND JOHNSO DISSENT "Happy" Chandler, governor for two terms, 1935-1939 and 1955-59, feels that a study of the judiciary is in order, due to unethical and illegal practices of some of the past judges of the Court of Appeals. Governor Chandler favors "a procedure similar to the federal judgeship, whereby judges are appointed for life by the governor at his discretion and a subsequent approval is made by the state senate after the senate has held public hearings." These judges would be subject to impeachment by the senate for any gross malfeasance or nonfeasance. (continued on page 7) Six THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER Recent Circuit Kentucky Court Cases by Walt Cato The Circuit Courts of our states have often been described as the foundation of the law-making process. A vast majority of all litigants obtain their day in a circuit court and upon receiving a judgment, they proceed no further; the Circuit Judge is the final arbiter of most legal controversies. \\'e have compiled here two chancery cases which we trust will hed some light on "the factual precision required in deciding equity cases. The facts and opinion of the first case were kindly donated by Judge Blakey Helm, Chancery Branch, Third Division of Jefferson Circuit Court. The second case we obtained through the kindne of tuart Lampe, Judge of the Chancery Branch, Second Division, Jefferson Circuit Court. 1. Action to Enjoin Obstruction of Drainage Defendant in the instant case owns property which lies adjacent to an area which forms a local confluence for -lrainage waters flowing into one of the larger creeks in Jefferson County. The construction of a dead-end street on which defendant's property abutted had altered the natural drainage to some extent, but this alteration was ordinarily compensated for by a concrete lined culvert which diverted draining waters from defendant's property. However, in times of heavy rainfall the natural flow of the rainwater could not be adequately drained by the culvert, and the remainder of the water over ran the curb at the end of the street and inundated defendant's property. In order to combat the future fortuity of damaging rain water drainage, defendant constructed an eight inch high retaining wall of brick and mortar. The structure was parallel to the line of the street curb, and about 20" on defendant's property behind the side.,·alk. \Vaters which flowed over the curb would thereby be thwarted by defendant's wall from flowing across the major portion of his lot. After the construction was completed, an action was brought against defendant to enjoin the maintenance of the wall. The suit was brought by five property owners located near defendant, and by one of the myriad sixth class cities in Jefferson County, within which the parties reside. The Plaintiffs' claim was based, inter alia, on an ordinance which it asserts is a building code. Plaintiffs conceded that the ordinance was not enacted pursuant to KRS 1 ;o, the zoning statute. Defendant mainta;ned that the ordinance is of a zoning nature, and not of a building nature, and that it is invalid in that it conflicts with KRS 100. The Circuit Judge distinguished between zoning ordinances and build;ng ordinances, and cited in his support the American Sign Corp. case, Ky. 276 SW2d 751, which discussed the distinction. Zoning statutes customarily deal with the use of areas and surrounding conditions while building codes ordinarily relate to structural aspects of building. Concluding that the ordinance was a building law, the judge felt that it did not apply to a retaining wall which furthers rather than detracts from the public welfare. "Recognizing that the ordinance is valid for the purposes for which it was intended, it still has no application to the construction from the ordinary purposes of a fence, as a dividing line or an enclosure." Moreover, the judge took cognizance of the fact that plaintiff-city had "made its own bed" in constructing the street in such a manner as to compel defendant to resort to self-help in the form of the retaining wall to protect his property from the excessive drainage. "So long as the drainage is directed ... so that it must be diverted ... away from defendant's property, the City ... is not in a legal position to insist upon the removal of the retaining wall, even if the ordinance had intended to prevent the building of such small structures." In conclusion, the court held that restrictions in deeds on the construction of fences did not relate to a structure of the sort which defendant had erected. "The term 'fence' cannot in any way describe the retaining wall which was not built to enclose an area or separate different tracts of land." Judgment was for defendant. 2. Jealousy As Grounds For Divorce An action for absolute divorce was sought by the husband and his wife answered with a petition for dismissal, and a furth er claim for periodic alimony. Plaintiff replied with a plea that a property settlement provided a bar to alimony. The commissioner had recommended that both the complaint and the petition for alimony in the answer be dismissed. Plaintiff based his claim for divorce on grounds of cruel and inhuman treatment. Tllis ground was constituted by alleged nagging on the part of his wife. Plaintiff elaborated in stating that his wife kept up with his every movement, was jealous of him, and thus destroyed his peace of mind. Strong reliance was placed by Plaintiff on Sales v. Sales 222 Ky. 175, 300 S\V 354, where a divorce was granted due to extreme jealousy on wife's part. There, the defendant's wife testified that she thought she was better than Plaintiff's family, and that she refused to speak to his family. Letters were introduced wherein she called her husband a "jackass." Moreover, (continued on page 7 ) Briscoe, Campus Emberton Head Lega~ Fraternities Edward D. Briscoe, ]r. The present officers of the PADs are: Edward D. Briscoe, Jr. , Justice; Rick Remmers, Vice Justice; Carroll Hubbard, Jr. , Clerk; Walt L. Cato, Treasurer; and Petey Bryant, Marshal. The fraternity is continuing a close relationship with the alumni chapter. On the occasion of the second semester rush dinner, the alumni attended and held their meeting also. William Jones, a U.S. District Atty., was the speaker. Pledges this semester included: Edward Klump, Jr., Bob Kohn, Harry Shapiro, Allen Gailor, Allan \ Veiss, and Benjamin Rosenbawn. The Phi Alpha Delta fraternity was honored with the presence of Supreme Justice Anthony De Grazia at the April dinner meeting. DeGrazia, a practicing attorney from Chicago, spoke at the meeting. He was accompanied by District Justice Judge Ray Faulconer of Indianapolis. It was the first time that this chapter has been so honored. The Ninth District Conclave Convention of the PADs was well represented bY. the Louisville chapter. Ed Briscoe, Terry McBrayer, and Bert Van Arsdale journeyed to Toledo to attend the gathering. Ten schools were represented at the meeting. DELT'S WIVES AUXILIARY The Wives Auxiliary of the Delta Theta Phi Fraternity held their annual meeting at Iroquois Gardens with a dinner party May 13. Special event of the evening was the presentation of the graduation cert1icate- s to the members whose husbands will graduate this year. The wives receiving their PHT (putting hubby through) are Dot Runner, Judy Nutt, and Joyce Martin. New officers installed at the meeting were Rita Hagan, president; Jean Marshall, vice-president; Alene Bernard, secretary; and Patrica Karem, social chairman. Shirley Ann Nall, wife of junior Jerry Nall, has served as president of the group this year. Mrs. A. C. Russell, wife of the former Dean, is the auxiliary sponsor. Tom Emberton Newly elected officers of Delta Theta Phi include Tom Emberton, Dean; Jack Stephens, Vice-Dean; Jerry Nail, Tribune; Charles Hoodenpyl, Clerk of the Exchequor; and Jim Sohan, Clerk of the Rolls. Pledges initiated semester are Ron Thomas, John Ford, and Dave Brangers. during the last Guyton, Dave Matthew Patton, The fraternity is currently sponsoring a lecture series at the law school, designed to bring the student into closer contact with the everyday problems of the practicing lawyers. Attorney Frank E. Haddad, Jr. , of Louisville, was the guest speaker at the first of the ser;es of lectures . on practical problems of the law March 15 in the law school's Allen Court Room. John Y. Drown Lexington attorney, spoke at a similar event April 10. Marlin M. \'olz has given his approval of the lecture series. Students Jack Stephens, Dave Beckman, John Arnett, and Tom McGovern have been appointed by the fraternity to implement the lecture program. Topics under consideration for subsequent months are: "How to Use Scientific Devices"; "How to Pass the Bar Exam"; and "How to Handle the Personal Injury Case". Tom Emberton, president of the Delts, said that the purpose of this lecture series is "to help make the period of adjustment from law school to the practice as easy as possible." 200 Couples Enjoy Barrister's Ball The Student Bar Association's annual Barrister's Ball was held in the Continental Room of the Henry Clay Hotel April 15. Approximately 200 couples enjoyed the music of Ossy Howard and his orchestra during the 9 p.m.-1 a.m. event. THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER Seven Cook vs. Ray ? Two young and versatile Louisville attorney6 ' ho have had many outstanding law and political accomplishments, ~1arlow Cook and Thomas Ray, are ,·irtually sure to meet head-on in the County Judge race in Jefferson County this ovember. Both Democrat Ray and Republican Cook are in tl1eir early thirties and have erved in tl1e State House of Representative . Both also are graduates of the Univer ity of Louisville School of Law. 32 Seniors To Graduate The raduating senior of the 1960- 61 class of the niversity of Louisville School of Law are: B CHELOR OF L \ S Hobart D. Bell-nap, Jr. Herbert .\1. Berman Thomas . Brown William . Buckaway, Jr. Jame \\'.Burns Leon:::rd . Chauvin, Jr. James :,1. Clements Dorothy aines Cox Colling J. Edelen Thomas 0. Garvery Edwin \ '. Holder, Jr. Le lie G. Houston Grayson Johnson Gerald . I-:eil Lloyd E. I-:oehler Howard E. Lerner Deddo erard Lynn J. Da,·e .\lartin eorge Erwin Mercker Jame Carl ~Iiller Armand L. Ostroff Charles I. andmann William L. Shadoan Jame F. teinfeld Robert F. ullivan \\'alter cott Thom on James R. Thornton Charle L. Tre,·athan Rov Lee Turner Helen nn Viney William Todd Walton Richard M. \ halen Founder's Day To Be Held The School of Law will celebrate Founder's Day 1ay 18. It was May 18, 1846 that tl1e Board of Trustees of the University of Louisville voted to establish the Law School. Dean Marlin M. Volz and Attorney Daniel P. Marshall, Jr., President of the Law Alumni Association, have written the alumni urging them to arrange a function for lhe law alumni of the.ir cities and surrounding areas on or about May 18. Kentucky Governors (continued from page 5) Wetl1erby, governor 1951-1955, believes that the state's highest court has had some involvement in politics and that there is a possibility that an unqualified judge could be elected thereby. Governor Wetherby feels that appointment by the governor from a list of candidates approved by the Kentucky State Bar Association for a term in excess of eight years would be in order. At the end of the term tl1e judges would have the prerogative to run for a new term on the ballot. Keen Johnson, governor 1939-1943, feels that the Court of Appeals has rendered a high caliber of decisiom generally. He had no particularly strong views eitl1er for election or appointment , but favors the latter in that perhaps we would have "better law" by the appointive process. Governor Johnson said, "Over the long run it seems to me that the caliber of the court would be improved tluough the appointment of the judges by the governor." Therefore, we have another 4-3 decision. It could be predicted with some measure of assurance that this same question will remain moot for many years hence. SENIOR CLASS First row, left to right: Herby Berman, Jerry Lynn, Helen Viney, Howard Lerner, Jernt Kiel, Joyce Ferris, Jim Thornton, Grayson Johnson. Second row, l. to r.: Les Houston, Hale Nutt, Armand Ostroff, John Berry, Bill Buckaway, Robert Riggle, Jim Steinfeld, Hobie Belknap, Chades Sandmann, Roy Tttrner, ].'m K. Profitt. Third row: Bob Sullivan (left) and Charles Trevathan. Other members of the senior class who are graduating in June appear in column 1 of this page. Constitution Change Sought by Senator Garnett The failure of the voters in November to approve the proposed Constitutional Convention has caused much consternation in many quarters. Among those affected are the proponents of a plan to revise the judiciary system in the state of Kentucky. They are now planning measures to effect such a change by amendment to the present constitution. Commercial Code Criticized The Bowling Green Bar Association released a resolution May 3 calling ior repeal of the Uniform Commercial Code adopted by the Kentucky Legislature in 1958. The Code, which became effective July 1, was an attempt to make Kentucky'~ laws on contracts, negotiable instruments, and the like conform to those in other states. The association said the code "has had the e.ffect of confusing the law with respect to the commercial transactions witl1 which it deals." Circuit Court Cases (continued from page 6) the plaintiff's testimony of her jealousy and cruel activities was supported by other witnesses. In the present case, conversely, the disinterested testimony revealed that defendant called plaintiff "every day or so" at his place of business during lunch hom. It was testified further that the calls ultimately made him jumpy and nervous, and that the swiftness with which he raced to the telephone to ascertain the nature of his spouse's message merited for him the appellation "Bunny." The chancellor said of the foregoing testimony; "This testimony does not establish nagging and does not establish the charge of jealousy." Plaintiff's claim was shadowed by adverse testimony relative to the atteions he bes:owed on another married woman with whom he had been seen several times at various locations. The Judge also refuted plaintiff's declaration that tl1e demonstrated attitude of his wife had caused him to develop an ulcerated stomach. The testimony showed that the ulcer had appeared about three months after plaintiff left his " ·ife. For these reasons, tl1e judge felt constrained to deny plaintiff a divorce. With regard to defendant's claim for periodic alimony the judge ruled: "Although defendant testified that she did not understand tl1e property settlement agreement, we do not here have that strong, clear and convincing testimony that would authorize the setting aside of a contract on the ground of fraud." Complaint and counterclaim dismissed. State Senator Richard Garnett of Glasgow, chairman of the Judiciary Committee in the upper chamber, recently proposed that the following plan for revision of the court system be introduced in tl1e 1962 General Assembly: I. County Court: There would be at least two county judges in each county. One would be called tl1e Fiscal Affairs Judge, the other the County Judge of Law. The latter would have to have the same qualifications as the present Circuit Court Judges, and he would preside over the County Court. His jurisdiction would be similar to the jurisdiction of the present Circuit Court. II. Circuit Court: This would serve only as an intermediate Court of Appeals. There would be seven circuits, one for each of the seven appellate districts, with five judges elected to each bench. The circuit court would be ambulatory, with four terms a year. III. Court of Appeals: There would be no change in the Court of Appeals, except that jurisdiction would be by appeal from one of the circuit Comts. IV. Quarterly Court: Would be presided over by the County Judge of Law, and would have jurisdiction over traffic violations, civil cases now unt:! ertaken by the Quarterly Comt, and domestic relations and juvenile cases. V. Police Court: There would be no change, except that police comts would be restricted to first, second and third class cities. VI. Justice Court (Magistrate): Jurisdiction would be reduced to administering oaths, issuing subpoenas and processes, and conducting examining trials. 1846 Resolution Two paragraphs in the resolution drawn up by the Board of Trustees of the University of Louisville when the Law School was established in 1846 read: "Each professor in the Law Department shall have the right to collect from each student on delivering to him a ticket to his lectures for each session Twenty Dollars. And all expenses incident to that department shall be paid by the faculty of that c!epartment. "The Lecture Terms in the Law Department shall commence on the first Monday in the month of November and end on the first Monday in the month of March following." Eight THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER Davis and Trautwein Win Moot- Court Snyder, Shapiro Runners-up By Jim Simpson " 1ove aside, men!" The seven girls attending our law school can well say such now that Mrs. Virginia Davis and Mary Lou Trautwein have won the 1960-61 moot-court competition for freshment students. The first year females, representing night school competition, defeated Ronald Snyder and Harry Shapiro in the finals held in the Allen Courtroom on Sunday, April 16. Both Snyder and Shapiro, who captured the day-school honors, are first semester freshmen and began working on the case during their third week of law school. The annual moot-court final was judged by Henry L. Brooks, United State district judge; John S. Palmore, a judge on the Kentucky Court of Appeals; and L. R. Curti , Jefferson . County Circuit Court judge. The argued case involved a "defendant" who stole a jeep at_ gun point and killed a child while speeding across a playground. Arguing on behalf of the Commonwealth were Snyder and Shapiro. The finalist were presented with cash awards and keys. Jim Sohan, day-school junior, served this seme ter as president of Moot Court Club. Dave Beckman and J. T. Frankenberger were vice-president and secretary, respectively. Tribute ..... lim Sohan SBA OFFICERS The officers of the Student Bar Association for the school year 1960- 61 are: Ernie Eubanks, president; Tom Emberton, vice-president; Paul Kleine-Kracht, secretary; and Jerry N all, tre-asurer. (A more comple:e story concerning these officers appeared in the last edition of the Louisville Lau;yer.) On April 11, 1951, the announcement was made that Dr. Philip Davidson, then Dean of Vanderbilt University's Graduate School and Senior College, had been selected as president of the University of Louisville. From the start he saw his job as president of a municipal unive-rsity in broad terms- as administrator, as friend, and counsellor of faculty and students, and as a sort of academic ambassador to the community at large. In all these areas he has performed with notable success. . The law school, as well as every other branch of the University, has grown substantially, both in size and prestige, during his incumbency. The programs of each school have reflected the drive, the imagination and the wisdom of its active university president. And Philip Davidson, for all of his experience, is not yet out of his fifties. It is a happy thought that we have seen only the first Davidson decade at the U. of L. THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER University of Louisvilie School of Law 2301 South 3rd Street LOUISVILLE 8, KENTUCKY FORM 3547 REQUESTED Ed. Side Splitting Songs Highlight Gridiron Fete Held January 18 At Brown Hotel Louisville lawyers attending the annual gridiron dinner of the local bar association at the Brown Hotel January 18 had a blast! Some members even wore Bermuda shorts, straw hats, sweat shirts, and coconut hats to the dinner meeting that cold, winter night. But all seemed to keep warm somehow. Much of the warmth came from laughing until it hurt when Louisville attorneys Glenn Schilling, Gordon Davidson, and E. P. Sawyer got together with side-splitting songs and prose. The trio's major targets were the controversial location of the proposed new Atherton High School (City School Superintendent Sam oe v. Courier-Journal President Barry Bingham) and the state administration's cancelled truck contract. The Atherton situation was sung to the tune of "Mairzy Doats" and the truck deal to the tune of "Sixteen fons." For example: " oesis no then Noesis yes "Then Noesis nuts to Barry "City'll block it too "What'll he do? "If tl1e words seem queer "And funny to your ear "A little bit Claggett & Quarry "Say: "Noe says no "Then Noe says yes "Then Noe says nuts to Barry "Oh! oesis no "Then Toesis yes "Then Noesis nuts to Barry "City'll block it, too "What'll he do." "All The Voters Are Dumb' Or: "Politicians must think all the voters are dumb. "Cause they promise the loaf and give us the crumb "They give us the crumb, we tag along "On performances weak and promises strong. "They buy 34 trucks and what Jo we get "Some other new taxes and no bo11us yet." Elect An Accountant And a final jab at, "Why can't I be mayor? Why? Why? The most important qualification is the ability to estimate crowds at political rallies. For that reason alone an accountant should be mayor ... " The meeting was held at the Brown Hotel. About 80) attended. As the guests wandered away from the dinner, someone remembered the lines of the last verse of the second song: "They bought 34 trucks and what do we get "Some other new taxes and no bonus yet "The moral is as simple as A. B. C. "And he says he's returning in '63." Professors at the University of Louisville School of Law this semester are: ( left to right) William Peden, William Dolson, Dean Marlin Volz, Joseph S. Johnson, Carl Warns, Robert Foster, and A. C. Russell. Not pictured are Professors ]ames Merritt, Athol Lee Taylor, Laurence Knowles, and Stuart Lampe. Non-Profit Org. U. S. POST AGE PAID LOUISVILLE, KY. Permit No. 435
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Title | Louisville Lawyer 6.2, May 1961 |
Alternative Title | Law Student Publications |
Contributors | University of Louisville. School of Law |
Description | The Louisville Lawyer (1955-1974) was the first of three official University of Louisville School of Law student publications. |
Searchable Text | Louisville Lawyer Published by The University of Louisville School of Law Vol. VI Louisville Ky., May, 1961 No.2 Truman To Address State Bar Association HARRY S. TRUMAN Former U. s.· President SAM J. STALLINGS President Ky. Bar Assn. By John L. Arnett Former President Harry S. Truman will visit Louisville this month to speak to the Kentucky State Bar Association. His address will be at a convention banquet of the association at 7 p.m. Thursday, May 25, at the Kentucky Hotel. Governor Bert T. Combs will introduce him. A reception honoring Truman is planned for bar members and their guests at 6:30 p.m. at the hotel. Truman hopes to make a few visits while here in Louisville. It is hoped by University of Louisville officials that Truman can visit the campus. Truman has been offered an honorary doctorate of law from the Law School while in Louisville. Dean Marlin Volz said that the faculty of the Law School recommended to the faculty of the Graduate School that Truman be awarded the degree. President Philip Davidson's office is still awaiting a reply from Truman. Truman's last visit here was a little more than a year ago when he spoke at the Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner March 19. Samuel J. Stallings, Louisville, is the association's president. George T. Ross, Richmond, is president-elect. The bar convention will start Wednesday and end Friday. The program will include: A session on pretrial conferences, at 2 p.m. Wednesday, with Federal Jud~e Henry L. Brooks, Louisville, as mod~rator . Aa address by Lt. Gov. Wilson W. Wyatt at the noon luncheon Thursday. Talks by Daniel J. Cantor, Phila- • ' delphia, consultant on law office management, at 9:30 a.m. and 2 p.m. Friday. A session on trial practice, also at 2 p.m. Friday, with H. Alva Brumfi eld, Baton Rouge, La., speaking for the plaintiff and Josh H. Groce, San Antonio, Tex., for the defense. Miller to Receive Faculty Award Robert Neville Miller will receive the certificate presented annually by the faculty of the University of Louisville Law School to an outstanding former Professor of Law. The certificate will be presented on May 24 at the joint meeting of the University of Louisville Law School Alumni and the Kentuckv State Bar Association. After rec~iving his L.L.B. Cum Laude from Harvard, Mr. Miller taught at the Law School in the early 1900's. He then served as an aide to Justice Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court and was the reason for the many contributions which the eminent Justice made to the University. At present Mr. Miller is practicing with the law firm of Miller-Chevalier in Washington, D. C, Alumni Foundation Established February 22 by Allan Weiss Eighty alumni of the University of Louisville School of Law voted to establish a Law Alumni Foundation at a Kentucky Hotel luncheon on February 22. The official name of the Corporation is to be The Law Alumni Foundation of the University of Louisville. The Corporation is being organized for charitable, scientific, literary, civic, and educational purposes. Section 1 of the Articles of Incorporation states the following objective: "To establish, operate and maintain research and investigation in the fields of law, legislation, legal education and jurisprudence at the University School of Law." The Foundation also plans to establish endowments, scholarships, lectureships and Chairs for teachers of the law. These will be implemented by acquisition of a legal library and research center for the School of Law. The membership will be limited to alumni of Jefferson School of Law or School of Law, University of Louisville. The Officers, and Board of Trustees are as follows: Benjamin F. Washer, honorary president; Leo T. Wolford, president; Daniel P. Marshall, Jr., vice president; Maxey B. Harlin, vice president; Ernest Woodford, Jr., secretary; Garnett Cook, treasurer. Board of Trustees one years terms: Arthur J. Deindorfer, L. Leroy Highbaugh, Thomas L. Ray, Samuel J. Stallings, Leo T. Wolford, Ernest Woodward, Jr. Two year terms: Daniel B. Boone, James E. Fahey, James H. Frazee, Maxey B. Harlin, Malcolm Johnson, Daniel P. Marshall, Jr. Three year terms: Garnett Cook, Manny H. Frockt, Fred M. Goldberg, Cornelius W. Grafton, William L. Grubbs, James W. Stites. "This is quite a significant thing for the Law School," commented Law School Dean Marlin Volz. "Our emphasis is to get everyone to give something." Dean Volz further stated that "the annual gifts average about $1,700 and already tllis year we have received $1,400. We hope the annual average will be doubled this year." Dean Volz said that the school needs a new wing to its building on Belknap Campus. And he would like to see a dormitory mainly for married students built adjacent to the Law School. Each project would cost about $250,000. He said the school also needs more money for scholarships, for hiring visiting lecturers, and for developing a graduate program. "Ladies First" Judge John S. Palmore of the Kentucky Court of Appeals discusses the successful defense made by Mrs. Virginia Davis, 2424 Concord Drive, second from left, and Miss Mary Lou Trautwein, 124 N. 41st, in the annual moot-court finals. Also pictured are runners-up Ronald Snyder, Jeffersontown, and Harry Shapiro, 2071 Ravina, at far right. (Story on page 8) I . Two THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER From The Editors Desk The Alumni Foundation All alumni, students, and friends of the University of Louisville School of Law should be very happy, yet challenged, to learn that om alumni association has established an Alumni Foundation "to handle finances in behalf of promoting the Law School and improving its facilities." Those facilities were ample when om beautiful edifice was opened in 1938. Then the School, only a day school, had 74 students, fom full time faculty members, and a library of 17,000 books. Now om building is cramped everywhere with 207 students, both day and night, with 10 full time faculty members who must have space in which to teach, and an overflowing library of 45,000 books. It will take a quarter of a million dollars to build a new wing alone. Our school is becoming more and more important in the life of the city and the Commonwealth. Dean Marlin M. Volz is recognized by everyone as an energetic and imaginative man. Each professor is deeply interested in making this institution the very best possible. The alumni and students desire a University of Louisville School of Law of which we can be proud. As Dean Volz penned in the November, 1958 edition of this publication soon after being appointed Dean: "Excellence in legal education depends, first, upon an effective partnership of faculty, students, and alumni functioning cooperatively and enthusiastically together to achieve higher goals." Nearly one million dollars has been given to the School over the years in the way of equipment, books, scholarships, and endowment. However, although we can justly boast of past attainments, let us join together in purpose, "forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before," pressing toward the mark for the prize of calling our beloved alma mater the best law school anywhere. A Need For International Law One thing is obvious from a glance at the headlines of om nation's newspapers: the importance of international understanding on the part of the peoples of the world. One significant thread is dominant throughout the phases of events that make today's headlines: the growing significance of legal relations between the nations of the world. Today, more than ever in the history of the United States, the problems of international law are making a deep impression upon the citizens of our country. Recently our attention has been focused upon the controversial Eichman trial, the space achievements of Russia's Yuri Gagarin, the Powers' case, the Congo crisis, the Santa Maria incident, and the crucial Cuban situation, just to mention a fragment of the ever increasing mass of occurrences on an international level. Today the question is, "To what extent will American lawyers need an understanding of international law to serve their clients adequately?" To say that "international law is important," would certainly be trite. The point to be emphasized is that the students, the law schools, and the attorneys of this state should become aware of the increasing need for an understanding of this phase of legal life. As communication facilities make the world more compact, the part that international law will play in the lawyer's career will also increase. These facts reaffirm the obligation of today's lawyer to strive for the enhancement of human dignity and progress. The bmden is upon the student to take advantage of the opportunities offered in the field of international legal studies; it is upon the faculties to impress upon their students the need of an adequate education in the international law field. Finally, the attorney has the opportunity through various phases of continuing legal education to supplement his competence in international law. Om law school offers International Law only in summer school, which prohibits most of the students from taking advantage of this important subject. The faculty committee concerning cmriculum changes met recently, but the realm of international studies was not mentioned. Whether this course will be included in the regular law school curriculum immediately or in the future should be discussed by this same committee. Legal education in this field should and must parallel the dynamic progress of American life, for the day is soon to come when a great part of every lawyer's practice will be in the field of international law. Professor Johnson Re tires The Law School is saddened by the resignation of Professor Joseph S. Johnson. We will miss very much the tall, deep-voiced former F. B. I. agent who has taught several courses in his nine year tenme here. The standing ovation given him at May Day festivities was an indication of our feeling for him. All friends of the Law School wish him and Mrs. Johnson sincere best wishes as they retire to the Sunshine State. -Carroll Hubbard, ]r. Dean's Report To The Alumni Dean Marlin M. Volz We are grateful to the Louisville Lawyer and its staff for keeping the alumni so well informed on new developments in the law school. There is little that can be added to their reports of specific events and projects. A word then on the philosophy of the law school may be in order. We proceed on tl1e theory that our law students are and must be ladies and gentlemen in the best traditions of Kentucky society. Dean Russell, Dean Peden and their predecessors have always stressed this quality. The Honor Code which they instituted and which works so well is exemplary of this attitude. It is our desire that the attributes of the gentleman will exemplify each of our graduates and be the distinctive characteristic of the "Louisville Lawyer". These are times which demand much of the legal profession in professional competence, in social understanding, in the improvement of the law and legal procedures to meet the needs of a dynamic society, in the preservation of the independence, freedom and liberty of the individual, and in reconciling through law the conflicts between property and human rights. It is om hope that our students and graduates will be "whole lawyers" upholding the responsibilities of a noble profession to the law and its great traditions. Alumni Roundup Tallies 1706 How many graduates of the U. of L. Law School are now practicing in Miami, Florida? Is there a U. of L. graduate in Sandy Hook, Kentucky? These and many others points of cmiosity, as well as some very valuable information, can be found in the recently published directory of the living alumni of the School of law. The directory is a product of the Law School Alumni Associat:on, and lists - geographically as well as by class - lhe living graduates of the UniYersity of Louisville School of Law and the Jefferson School of Law. The business and home addresses of the grads are also given in the directory, which is the first of its kind for the U. of L. Annual supplements are planned. Some points of interest contained in the directory: of the 1706 living graduates of the two schools, 818 are still in Louisville. Another 412 are practicing in Kentucky outside of Louisville. Of the remaining 476, Indiana has by far the largest representation with 138 graduates. Next in line is Florida with 34 (eight in Miami), followed by Ohio with 32, and California and Virginia with 30 each. There are Louisville graduates practicing in 39 states and the District of Columbia. (And we do have a graduate in Sandy Hook, Kentucky.) Seven Pass Bar Exam Seven University of Louisville Law School graduates were successful on the Kentucky State Bar exam given in March of this year. They are: Marion G. Gilliam, Robert P. Hastings, John Frith Stewart, Kenneth A. Kallbrier, and George H. Logan, all of Louisville; John 0. Hardin, III, of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and Eddie C. Lovelace, of Gray, Kentucky. ZIRKLE HEADS BAR The present officers of the Louisville Bar Association are Charles B. Zirkle, president; Randolph Brown, vice-president; J. D. Raine, secretary; and Daniel Marshall, treasurer. Jack Mudd is president-elect of the group. Qlf1r 14nui.auillr 1£awyrr Published by the University of Louisville School of Law Student Bar Association two times a year for School of Law students, faculty and alumni. Editor-in-Chief- ........... _ __ _____________ ___________ .. __________ ________C arroll Hubbard, Jr. Associate Editor _____ _________________ __ ______ .. ___ __ __ _______________ ______ _____ David J. Thompson News Editor______________________ .. ___________ __ ________________ _James L. S mpson, 1!1 Feature Editor __ ___ ____ __ ___________ _______________ .. ________________________ __ ____ Walter L. Cato, Jr. Circulation Manager ____ _____ _______ ---- ----- --- --- ---------- ---- - __ __ William A. McHugh, Jr. Photographer ____ __ _ __ __ __ __ ------- ---------------------------- ------------ ----- -- ____ Paul E. Miller Faculty Advisor .... -- ---------- --- .. -- ----- ----- -- -------- ---------- --- ---- ---- ------ --Robert W. Foster Reporte1'S-John L. Arnett, Richard D. Remmers, Jerry W. Nall, Beniamin Rosenbaum, John F. Rogers, Allan Weiss, John E. Sloane, Harry Shapiro. Circulation: 2,500 THE LomsviLLE LAWYER Illegal Searches and by Laurence D. Knowles Contemporary crime has little relation with the footpads and highwaymen of past eras. Clean-shaven, business-suited criminals form the moving force in society's largest criminal problems. The distilleries and trucks of bootleggers, the physical evidence of burglaries and robberies, no longer speak for the amount of crime committed. Subversion. narcotics distribution and gambling syndicalism have resfectable outward appearances. Law enforcement agencies must rely on new methods to uncover crime concealed by this "new look". A pr.ncipal method in this attempt to "fight fire with fire" has been illegal search and seizure. The Fourth Amendment to the Conshtution of the U. S. forbids the Federal Government to conduct illegal searches and seizures.l The Supreme Cour. in 1914 held that evidence obtained by federal officers by an illegal search and seizure would be inadmissable in a federal criminal prosecution. 2 The Court pointed out, however, that the Fourth Amendment did not require this suppression. The evidence was excluded merely as a rule of federal policy, the purpose being to discourage federal illegal searches and seizures. Consequently, since the evidence itself was not constitutionally invalid, it could be ad-. mitted if the Supreme Court so chose. Similarly, if the reason were not present for its exclusion ( i. e. to deter federal officers from conducting illegal searches and seizures), the court logically should admit the evidence. Thus evidence illegally procured by state officers was held admissable in federal prosecutions. 3 Federal Decisions Subsequent federal decisions developed few limitations on federal use of illegally procured evidence. One was that federal officers could not participate in the search.4 The other was that the search and seizure be made solely on behalf of the United States.5 The possibility of statefederal co-operat;on was little limited by these qualifications. 6 If the federal officers merely kept out of sight, the burden of proof that the search was instigated by them was practically impossible to carry by the defendant.7 Willingness of state officials to cooperate, or at least promote federal crime enforcement by conducting illegal searches has increased tremendously in the last few decades. The reasons are several. Organized crime extends through several states and federal jurisdiction is needed for large scale operations. Secondly, the cost of criminal prosecutions is shifted to the federal treasury. Thirdly, as the need for an illegal search increased as a crime combative device, so had the unwillingness of state courts to admit this evidence.s As a result, in a state which excluded illegally procured evidence, the impetus was great to cooperate with the federal authorities. On June 27, l96J the Supreme Court, in Elkins v. United States,f1 put an end to the use of all illegally procured evidence in federal prosecutions. However, the Court still refused to hold that illegally procured evidence is constitutionally invalid. At best the decision will discourage state conducted illegal searches for use in federal prosecutions. The author of this issue's review article, Laurence D. Knowles, received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1955 from LaSalle College in Philadelphia and his LLB in 1958 from Rutgers University, where he was selected as editor of the Rutgers Law Review. He was awarded a Sterling Fellowship at Yale U niversity, where he obtained the LLM degree. Mr. Knowles is now working toward the ]SD dzgree through Yale. A native of New Jersey, Mr. Knowles joined the faculty of the University of Louisville School of Law in 1959 and teaches the Public Law courses. He serves as Associate Editor of the Family Law I ournal and is a member of the Kentucky Bar, having taken the state bar examination in 1960. The State Courts State Courts may constitutionally admit illegally procured evidence in state prosecutions.lO Twenty-four of the fifty states hold ~hat illegally procured evidence may be admitted to their courts. Although every state constitution, save one, has a provision analogous to the Fourth Amendment, the twenty-four states see no reason to allow a "criminal to go free because the constable bungled." (One might question whether the bulk of illegal searches are not planned illegality, and are not a product of inept police work.) This term the Supreme Court held that state officers would be liable under the Federal Civil Rights Act for illegal searches, but still refused to hold the evidence inadmissable . !~ This decesion places an effective deterrent upon illegal searches conducted by Seizures state officers. Despite the fact that the evidence is admissable, state officers will not want to risk a civil suit to procure it. Since the Supreme Court has repeatedly refused to hold the illegally procured. evidence invalid, federal officers could procure it, and leave the prosecution to the states. This opportunity for federal-state cooperation was thought severely limited by Rea. 1) . United States,12 in which a federal officer was enjoined from testifying in a state court as regards evidence he illegally Frocured. Without the procuring officer the foundation for the evidence may be impossible to establish. However, the Supreme Court very recently intimated that the Rea case will be severly limited, and that federal courts may not enjoin federal officers from testifying in state prosecu~ ions.13 Consequently, since the Civil Rights Acts do not _ apply to federal officers, there is no deterrent (except internal discipline) for federal -state cooperation in illegal searches. Conclusion The recent Supreme Court cases appear to severely discourage illegal searches and seizures. However, depending upon a clarification of the Rea doctrine, the Supreme Court may have made no advance at all. Merely the searcher and the prosecutor will change places. l."The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath of affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized." 2.Weeks v. U.S., 232 U.S. 383. 3. Id. at 398 ............................... .... . 4.Burdeau v. McDowell, 256 U.S. 465. 5.Byars v. U.S., 273 U.S. 28 (1927). 6.Gamoino v. U.S., 275 U.S. 310 {1927). 7.The Prohibition cases point up the difficulty of proof. Kitt v. U.S., vcB F. 2d 920 (4th. Cir. 1943); Sloane v. U. S., 47 F. 2d 800 (lOth Cir. 1921). The federal-state agreements as regards liquor law violations apparently were that if the activity were on a large scale, the federal government would prosecute, it not, then the state would prosecute. SeeFowler v. U.S., 62 F. 2d 656 (7th. Cir. 1932). 8.People v. Cahan, 44 Cal. 2d 434, 282 P. 2d 905 {1955); Rickards v. State, 45 Del. 573, 77 A. 2d 199 ( 19 50) ; State v. Mills, 246 N.E. 237, 98 S.E. 2d 329 ( 1957). 9.--U. S.--{1961). lO.Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 {1949). ll.Monroe v. Pape, --U. S.--. {1961) . 12.350 U.S. 214 (1956). l3.Wilson v. Schnettler, --U. S.-( 1961 ). Peden, Warns Granted Leaves Three Professors William Peden and Carl Warns have been granted leaves of absence from the Law School for tl1e fall semester of 1961. Mr. Peden will attend the graduate division of the New York University School of Law and complete work necessary for the LL.M. degree in taxation. During the summer of 1959 Peden attended New York University as a Kennison Fellow. Mr. Warns has been selected as the permanent arbitrator for the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and the Rubber Workers in their nationwide agreement. Both professors will return to their regular assignments at the Law School in January of 1962. Remmers Voted Senate President Richard D. Remmers Richard D. Remmers, a 24 year-old junior, has been elected President of the University of Louisville Student Senate (the student body's governing organization) for the school year 1961 -62. His election was announced May 4 immediately after the final meeting of the Student Senate. Remmers, a 1959 honor graduate of Notre Dame University, is Editor of the Law School section of the University of Louisville yearbook, the Thoroughbred. He was secretary of the Moot Court Club last year, and now serves as Vice-Justice of Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity. While a student at the Law School Remmers has worked as law clerk in the offices of Redmon, McAfee, Ewen, and Davenport. "Rick" is also active in Kentucky politics, serving at present as ViceChairman of the Third Congressional District on the state Young Democratic Club's executive committee. Deddo G. "Jerry" Lynn, a senior law student who graduated with honors at Xavier University, served this school year as president of the student senate of the University of Louisville. Four THE LoUisviLLE LAWYER Georgetown 1s Dr. Speaks At Honors M iII s Day Hastings Wins Four Awards By David Thompson The fourth annual University of Louisville Law School Honors Da program was held on May 1 in the Allen Court Room. The Honors Day activities, held in official observance of Law Day, . S. saluted a number of U. of L. law students for their achievements, both academic and extra-curricular, during the 1960-61 school year. Guest peaker for the program was Dr. Robert L. 1ills, Pre ident of Georgetown College. 1arlin 1. Volz, Dean of the Law School, presided. Dr. Robert L. Mills Dr. ~1ills, a native of Erlanger, Ky., graduated with honors from the niversity of Kentucky, where he holds a doctor's degree with a major in educational adminstration. Pre ide.nt Mills has had wide experience in many fields of education. !lis educational research includes work with the Kentucky Bureau of Administration and Finance and the Legislative Re earch Commission. In more recent years he ha devoted his efforts entirely to college admini tration. Before going to the Univer ity of Texas as head of the Deparbnent of Educational Administration, he was Dean of Admissions and Registrar at the University of Kentucky. Dr. ~!ills urged the student body to strive for excellence in all things. "Excellence requires a deep sense of purpose," he said. "It requires a vision of mind, of the heart, and of the conscience. I commend you to a sen e of purpose which leads to excellence." The Georgetown president reminded the students that each man is a link between the past and the future. and any man who does not ee himself in this respect "does not rlay his prorer role in this present day which is his". "What we do in the future," said Dr. Mills, "depends on what we do today." Following Dr. Mills' address, the awards presentations were made. Robert P. Hastings, a January graduate of the Law School now practicing in Louisville, was the recipient of a $100 cash award given by the Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation for the highest grades earned in all property courses. Hastings also won a set of the U. S. Code, presented by Senator John Sherman Cooper; the outstanding senior award given by the Delta Theta Phi Law Fraternity, and the Omicron Delta Kappa award to the outstanding male student. Gerald Kiel was the winner of a $100 cash award presented by the Louisville Title Insurance Company to the graduating senior who makes the highest grade in Future Interest. A $250 cash award was presented to Miss Joyce Ferris for her winning essay on copyright law in the Nathan Burkan Memorial Competition. Miss Dorothy Cox was the recipient of a 100 cash award given by the Louisville Title Insurance Company to the graduating senior who has shown the most progress in all tl1e property courses. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity honored past Justice Robert Breetz as the outstanding senior, and present Justice Edward Briscoe as the outstanding freshman. Helen A. Viney was chosen outstanding woman student by the members of Kappa Beta Pi Law Sorority. Robert Breetz, John Sloane and David Beckman were recognized for their work as the Law School's ational Moot Court representatives, and tl1e Bureau of National Affairs Award for the senior who has made the most progress in his senior year went to John C. Thrapp. Certificates were presented to the members of the Briefing Service, the Judicial Assistantship Program, and the Journal of Family Law, as well as to tl1e participants in the recent Moot Court arguments held at the University. The annual Book Awards were presented to tl1ose students who received the highest grades in each course. 207 ENROLLED Two hundred seven students are enrolled in classes at the law school tl1is semester. There are 114 day students, whereas ninety-three are enrolled in the night classes. The day students are divided as follows: thirty-one seniors, thirty-two juniors, and forty-five freshmen. There are fifty-six first year night students, while the other three classes have ten, tl1irteen, and fourteen, respectively. Professor Johnson To Retire Prof. Joseph S. Johnson By Bill McHugh and Rick Remmers At the conclusion of the 1961 spring semester Professor Joseph S. Johnson plans to retire from the Law School faculty. Professor Johnson has been a member of the faculty since 1952 and has taught courses in Criminal Law, Insurance, Evidence, Legal Writing, and Legal Research. He was particularly conversant with many unusual aspects of Criminal Law, as he was an agent for tl1e Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1929 to 1950. A native of North Dakota, Johnson received his B.A. degree from St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota, in 1920, and his J. D. degree from the University of Chicago in 1928. An avid golfer, he takes an active interest in many other sports and has ~erved on the university's Athletic Committee. As chairman of the university's Parking Committee, Professor Johnson served as "Chief Justice" in all cases involving infractions of the parking regulations. When Kappa Beta Pi legal fraternity (women's international) was organized here last year, Johnson was chosen as faculty advisor for the organization. He takes considerable pride in being the only male in the organization and the members demonstrated their appreciation by awarding him the Honor Key of Kappa Beta Pi. Upon retirement, Professor and Mrs. -ohnson plan to live in southern Florida and occasionally visit their cottage on the Pelican Lakes in :\1ichigan. SBA Buys Typev.rriiers The Student Bar Association has purchased two reconditioned typewriters for use by students in the library. In addition, one of the typewriters being useA. already has undergone repair. Curriculum Changes by Harry Shapiro The law school takes no exception in trying to further its curriculum needs and thus equip the law student with a more varied and interesting course structure. A faculty committee concerning curriculum, composed of Professors Robert Foster, William Peden, Ralph Petrilli and Carl Warns, submitted their report to the faculty meeting and their recommendations were unanimously adopted. Most of the present courses will be kept but certain titles will be modified so as to suggest a truer analysis of the course study. Also, a few courses such as Labor Law, Legal Research, Lerral Writing, and Legal Accounting ~ill be rearranged so as to give the stu-.!ent the best opportunity for achieving t;.e most out of the course. Freshmen will have Legal Research and Writing their first year and will thus be provided with a tool to use in preparing moot court briefs and also a better background for the last two years. Labor Law will be moved to the third year in order to insure that earlier courses can be taken which are prerequisites for this particular study. Legal Accounting will also be required of all students who have not previously had similar courses in this field. Before graduation, students will have to have taken at least one of the following: Jurisprudence, Comparative Law, Legal History, or International Law. These courses are intended to provide the graduate with a broader prospective needed for his responsibility of leadership and law improvement. Due to the increased importance of Conflicts of Laws, the course will be enlarged to four hours. This will enable a greater amount of material to be covered during the semester. Conflicts of Laws has become one of the most changing courses due to the tremendous amount of federal and state legislation enacted each year. This step by our law school is one which most of the law schools throughout the country are taking. Many other suggestions were discussed and their initial planning has been started. These include bar courses to be taught in summer school. Several of our studen~s go to summer school in order to graduate early 1nrl certain courses must be taken before one takes the bar exams. Thus, the law school will offer at least two of these courses every summer. Other weaknesses were discussed concerning the third year program. It was suggested that the student elect from one of a series of courses which would provide factual problems similar to those he will encounter in the practice of law and to give him an opportunity to investigate in depth one or more aspects of law in a field of particular interest. These curriculum changes will provide a new and more direct avenue to the preparation of lawy.,rs. THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER Five Kentucky Governors Split 4 - 3 On Court of Appeals' Judges Selection Gov. Bert T. Combs 1959- Gov. Earle C. Clements 1947- 1951 Combs. Clements. Willis. and Sampson Favor Present Method of Election by Carroll Hubbard, Jr. and John L. Arnett The consensus of the present and of all living former governors of .Kentuck as to whether the judges of the Kentucky Court of ppeals hould be elected or appointed favors election by the people of the Commonwealth. B o t h Republican ex-governors, imeon . Willi and Flem D. Sampon, fa,·or the present elective system. They are joined in the majority opiniou by Democrats Bert T. Combs and Earle C. Clements. Former Governor Albert B. Chandler, Lawrence \ . Wetherby, and Keen Johnson, voicing the minority opinion, believe that the appointment method is best. Gov. Albert B. Chandler 1935- 1939 1955 -195~ The Court now consists of seven judges, each elected from a separate judicial district for an eight year term. The terms are staggered so that no more than four judges are elected in one year. Governor Combs, a former Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals, believes our present system of election is basically sound. He thinks the elections should be non-partisan and that Gov. Lawrence W. Wetherby 1951- 1955 Gov. Simeon S. Willis 1943- 1947 the decisions of the court thus far have been non-political. Combs did not approve of the procedure in some states where the judges of the highest state court are appointed by the governor from a list of recommendations by the state bar association, because "politics is not thereby eliminated." Recommendations by the Kentucky State Bar Association may be useful, Combs believes, in assisting the voter, but the ultimate choice should lie with the people in the separate dis-tricts. Willis, governor from 1943-1947 and also a member of the Court of Appeals, would make only one change in the present system : He recommends that the candidates appear on a non-partisan ballot, in order that Gov. Keen Johnson 1939- 1943 -Courier Journal Photos Gov. Flem Sampson 1927- 1931 the choice would be based on the qualifications and not the party affiation of the particular candidate. Clements, governor 1947-1955, puts little credence in any appointive system because "it would eliminate little if any politics from the judgeships." He believes that "in a democracy, the people should be allowed to select their own judges, based primarily on standards defined by the legislature. If these standards are inadequate, they should be raised by the legislature to be commensurate with the will of the people." Also having the distinction of being both governor and chief justice of the Court of Appeals is Flem Sampson, governor 1927-1931. Governor Sampson feels that generally Kentucky has had well qualified judges in the Court of Appeals, although the state has had some politics in the judiciary. He feels tl1at the people should continue to select the judges by the ballot based on the qualifications and integrity of the individual candidates. CHANDLER, WETHERBY AND JOHNSO DISSENT "Happy" Chandler, governor for two terms, 1935-1939 and 1955-59, feels that a study of the judiciary is in order, due to unethical and illegal practices of some of the past judges of the Court of Appeals. Governor Chandler favors "a procedure similar to the federal judgeship, whereby judges are appointed for life by the governor at his discretion and a subsequent approval is made by the state senate after the senate has held public hearings." These judges would be subject to impeachment by the senate for any gross malfeasance or nonfeasance. (continued on page 7) Six THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER Recent Circuit Kentucky Court Cases by Walt Cato The Circuit Courts of our states have often been described as the foundation of the law-making process. A vast majority of all litigants obtain their day in a circuit court and upon receiving a judgment, they proceed no further; the Circuit Judge is the final arbiter of most legal controversies. \\'e have compiled here two chancery cases which we trust will hed some light on "the factual precision required in deciding equity cases. The facts and opinion of the first case were kindly donated by Judge Blakey Helm, Chancery Branch, Third Division of Jefferson Circuit Court. The second case we obtained through the kindne of tuart Lampe, Judge of the Chancery Branch, Second Division, Jefferson Circuit Court. 1. Action to Enjoin Obstruction of Drainage Defendant in the instant case owns property which lies adjacent to an area which forms a local confluence for -lrainage waters flowing into one of the larger creeks in Jefferson County. The construction of a dead-end street on which defendant's property abutted had altered the natural drainage to some extent, but this alteration was ordinarily compensated for by a concrete lined culvert which diverted draining waters from defendant's property. However, in times of heavy rainfall the natural flow of the rainwater could not be adequately drained by the culvert, and the remainder of the water over ran the curb at the end of the street and inundated defendant's property. In order to combat the future fortuity of damaging rain water drainage, defendant constructed an eight inch high retaining wall of brick and mortar. The structure was parallel to the line of the street curb, and about 20" on defendant's property behind the side.,·alk. \Vaters which flowed over the curb would thereby be thwarted by defendant's wall from flowing across the major portion of his lot. After the construction was completed, an action was brought against defendant to enjoin the maintenance of the wall. The suit was brought by five property owners located near defendant, and by one of the myriad sixth class cities in Jefferson County, within which the parties reside. The Plaintiffs' claim was based, inter alia, on an ordinance which it asserts is a building code. Plaintiffs conceded that the ordinance was not enacted pursuant to KRS 1 ;o, the zoning statute. Defendant mainta;ned that the ordinance is of a zoning nature, and not of a building nature, and that it is invalid in that it conflicts with KRS 100. The Circuit Judge distinguished between zoning ordinances and build;ng ordinances, and cited in his support the American Sign Corp. case, Ky. 276 SW2d 751, which discussed the distinction. Zoning statutes customarily deal with the use of areas and surrounding conditions while building codes ordinarily relate to structural aspects of building. Concluding that the ordinance was a building law, the judge felt that it did not apply to a retaining wall which furthers rather than detracts from the public welfare. "Recognizing that the ordinance is valid for the purposes for which it was intended, it still has no application to the construction from the ordinary purposes of a fence, as a dividing line or an enclosure." Moreover, the judge took cognizance of the fact that plaintiff-city had "made its own bed" in constructing the street in such a manner as to compel defendant to resort to self-help in the form of the retaining wall to protect his property from the excessive drainage. "So long as the drainage is directed ... so that it must be diverted ... away from defendant's property, the City ... is not in a legal position to insist upon the removal of the retaining wall, even if the ordinance had intended to prevent the building of such small structures." In conclusion, the court held that restrictions in deeds on the construction of fences did not relate to a structure of the sort which defendant had erected. "The term 'fence' cannot in any way describe the retaining wall which was not built to enclose an area or separate different tracts of land." Judgment was for defendant. 2. Jealousy As Grounds For Divorce An action for absolute divorce was sought by the husband and his wife answered with a petition for dismissal, and a furth er claim for periodic alimony. Plaintiff replied with a plea that a property settlement provided a bar to alimony. The commissioner had recommended that both the complaint and the petition for alimony in the answer be dismissed. Plaintiff based his claim for divorce on grounds of cruel and inhuman treatment. Tllis ground was constituted by alleged nagging on the part of his wife. Plaintiff elaborated in stating that his wife kept up with his every movement, was jealous of him, and thus destroyed his peace of mind. Strong reliance was placed by Plaintiff on Sales v. Sales 222 Ky. 175, 300 S\V 354, where a divorce was granted due to extreme jealousy on wife's part. There, the defendant's wife testified that she thought she was better than Plaintiff's family, and that she refused to speak to his family. Letters were introduced wherein she called her husband a "jackass." Moreover, (continued on page 7 ) Briscoe, Campus Emberton Head Lega~ Fraternities Edward D. Briscoe, ]r. The present officers of the PADs are: Edward D. Briscoe, Jr. , Justice; Rick Remmers, Vice Justice; Carroll Hubbard, Jr. , Clerk; Walt L. Cato, Treasurer; and Petey Bryant, Marshal. The fraternity is continuing a close relationship with the alumni chapter. On the occasion of the second semester rush dinner, the alumni attended and held their meeting also. William Jones, a U.S. District Atty., was the speaker. Pledges this semester included: Edward Klump, Jr., Bob Kohn, Harry Shapiro, Allen Gailor, Allan \ Veiss, and Benjamin Rosenbawn. The Phi Alpha Delta fraternity was honored with the presence of Supreme Justice Anthony De Grazia at the April dinner meeting. DeGrazia, a practicing attorney from Chicago, spoke at the meeting. He was accompanied by District Justice Judge Ray Faulconer of Indianapolis. It was the first time that this chapter has been so honored. The Ninth District Conclave Convention of the PADs was well represented bY. the Louisville chapter. Ed Briscoe, Terry McBrayer, and Bert Van Arsdale journeyed to Toledo to attend the gathering. Ten schools were represented at the meeting. DELT'S WIVES AUXILIARY The Wives Auxiliary of the Delta Theta Phi Fraternity held their annual meeting at Iroquois Gardens with a dinner party May 13. Special event of the evening was the presentation of the graduation cert1icate- s to the members whose husbands will graduate this year. The wives receiving their PHT (putting hubby through) are Dot Runner, Judy Nutt, and Joyce Martin. New officers installed at the meeting were Rita Hagan, president; Jean Marshall, vice-president; Alene Bernard, secretary; and Patrica Karem, social chairman. Shirley Ann Nall, wife of junior Jerry Nall, has served as president of the group this year. Mrs. A. C. Russell, wife of the former Dean, is the auxiliary sponsor. Tom Emberton Newly elected officers of Delta Theta Phi include Tom Emberton, Dean; Jack Stephens, Vice-Dean; Jerry Nail, Tribune; Charles Hoodenpyl, Clerk of the Exchequor; and Jim Sohan, Clerk of the Rolls. Pledges initiated semester are Ron Thomas, John Ford, and Dave Brangers. during the last Guyton, Dave Matthew Patton, The fraternity is currently sponsoring a lecture series at the law school, designed to bring the student into closer contact with the everyday problems of the practicing lawyers. Attorney Frank E. Haddad, Jr. , of Louisville, was the guest speaker at the first of the ser;es of lectures . on practical problems of the law March 15 in the law school's Allen Court Room. John Y. Drown Lexington attorney, spoke at a similar event April 10. Marlin M. \'olz has given his approval of the lecture series. Students Jack Stephens, Dave Beckman, John Arnett, and Tom McGovern have been appointed by the fraternity to implement the lecture program. Topics under consideration for subsequent months are: "How to Use Scientific Devices"; "How to Pass the Bar Exam"; and "How to Handle the Personal Injury Case". Tom Emberton, president of the Delts, said that the purpose of this lecture series is "to help make the period of adjustment from law school to the practice as easy as possible." 200 Couples Enjoy Barrister's Ball The Student Bar Association's annual Barrister's Ball was held in the Continental Room of the Henry Clay Hotel April 15. Approximately 200 couples enjoyed the music of Ossy Howard and his orchestra during the 9 p.m.-1 a.m. event. THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER Seven Cook vs. Ray ? Two young and versatile Louisville attorney6 ' ho have had many outstanding law and political accomplishments, ~1arlow Cook and Thomas Ray, are ,·irtually sure to meet head-on in the County Judge race in Jefferson County this ovember. Both Democrat Ray and Republican Cook are in tl1eir early thirties and have erved in tl1e State House of Representative . Both also are graduates of the Univer ity of Louisville School of Law. 32 Seniors To Graduate The raduating senior of the 1960- 61 class of the niversity of Louisville School of Law are: B CHELOR OF L \ S Hobart D. Bell-nap, Jr. Herbert .\1. Berman Thomas . Brown William . Buckaway, Jr. Jame \\'.Burns Leon:::rd . Chauvin, Jr. James :,1. Clements Dorothy aines Cox Colling J. Edelen Thomas 0. Garvery Edwin \ '. Holder, Jr. Le lie G. Houston Grayson Johnson Gerald . I-:eil Lloyd E. I-:oehler Howard E. Lerner Deddo erard Lynn J. Da,·e .\lartin eorge Erwin Mercker Jame Carl ~Iiller Armand L. Ostroff Charles I. andmann William L. Shadoan Jame F. teinfeld Robert F. ullivan \\'alter cott Thom on James R. Thornton Charle L. Tre,·athan Rov Lee Turner Helen nn Viney William Todd Walton Richard M. \ halen Founder's Day To Be Held The School of Law will celebrate Founder's Day 1ay 18. It was May 18, 1846 that tl1e Board of Trustees of the University of Louisville voted to establish the Law School. Dean Marlin M. Volz and Attorney Daniel P. Marshall, Jr., President of the Law Alumni Association, have written the alumni urging them to arrange a function for lhe law alumni of the.ir cities and surrounding areas on or about May 18. Kentucky Governors (continued from page 5) Wetl1erby, governor 1951-1955, believes that the state's highest court has had some involvement in politics and that there is a possibility that an unqualified judge could be elected thereby. Governor Wetherby feels that appointment by the governor from a list of candidates approved by the Kentucky State Bar Association for a term in excess of eight years would be in order. At the end of the term tl1e judges would have the prerogative to run for a new term on the ballot. Keen Johnson, governor 1939-1943, feels that the Court of Appeals has rendered a high caliber of decisiom generally. He had no particularly strong views eitl1er for election or appointment , but favors the latter in that perhaps we would have "better law" by the appointive process. Governor Johnson said, "Over the long run it seems to me that the caliber of the court would be improved tluough the appointment of the judges by the governor." Therefore, we have another 4-3 decision. It could be predicted with some measure of assurance that this same question will remain moot for many years hence. SENIOR CLASS First row, left to right: Herby Berman, Jerry Lynn, Helen Viney, Howard Lerner, Jernt Kiel, Joyce Ferris, Jim Thornton, Grayson Johnson. Second row, l. to r.: Les Houston, Hale Nutt, Armand Ostroff, John Berry, Bill Buckaway, Robert Riggle, Jim Steinfeld, Hobie Belknap, Chades Sandmann, Roy Tttrner, ].'m K. Profitt. Third row: Bob Sullivan (left) and Charles Trevathan. Other members of the senior class who are graduating in June appear in column 1 of this page. Constitution Change Sought by Senator Garnett The failure of the voters in November to approve the proposed Constitutional Convention has caused much consternation in many quarters. Among those affected are the proponents of a plan to revise the judiciary system in the state of Kentucky. They are now planning measures to effect such a change by amendment to the present constitution. Commercial Code Criticized The Bowling Green Bar Association released a resolution May 3 calling ior repeal of the Uniform Commercial Code adopted by the Kentucky Legislature in 1958. The Code, which became effective July 1, was an attempt to make Kentucky'~ laws on contracts, negotiable instruments, and the like conform to those in other states. The association said the code "has had the e.ffect of confusing the law with respect to the commercial transactions witl1 which it deals." Circuit Court Cases (continued from page 6) the plaintiff's testimony of her jealousy and cruel activities was supported by other witnesses. In the present case, conversely, the disinterested testimony revealed that defendant called plaintiff "every day or so" at his place of business during lunch hom. It was testified further that the calls ultimately made him jumpy and nervous, and that the swiftness with which he raced to the telephone to ascertain the nature of his spouse's message merited for him the appellation "Bunny." The chancellor said of the foregoing testimony; "This testimony does not establish nagging and does not establish the charge of jealousy." Plaintiff's claim was shadowed by adverse testimony relative to the atteions he bes:owed on another married woman with whom he had been seen several times at various locations. The Judge also refuted plaintiff's declaration that tl1e demonstrated attitude of his wife had caused him to develop an ulcerated stomach. The testimony showed that the ulcer had appeared about three months after plaintiff left his " ·ife. For these reasons, tl1e judge felt constrained to deny plaintiff a divorce. With regard to defendant's claim for periodic alimony the judge ruled: "Although defendant testified that she did not understand tl1e property settlement agreement, we do not here have that strong, clear and convincing testimony that would authorize the setting aside of a contract on the ground of fraud." Complaint and counterclaim dismissed. State Senator Richard Garnett of Glasgow, chairman of the Judiciary Committee in the upper chamber, recently proposed that the following plan for revision of the court system be introduced in tl1e 1962 General Assembly: I. County Court: There would be at least two county judges in each county. One would be called tl1e Fiscal Affairs Judge, the other the County Judge of Law. The latter would have to have the same qualifications as the present Circuit Court Judges, and he would preside over the County Court. His jurisdiction would be similar to the jurisdiction of the present Circuit Court. II. Circuit Court: This would serve only as an intermediate Court of Appeals. There would be seven circuits, one for each of the seven appellate districts, with five judges elected to each bench. The circuit court would be ambulatory, with four terms a year. III. Court of Appeals: There would be no change in the Court of Appeals, except that jurisdiction would be by appeal from one of the circuit Comts. IV. Quarterly Court: Would be presided over by the County Judge of Law, and would have jurisdiction over traffic violations, civil cases now unt:! ertaken by the Quarterly Comt, and domestic relations and juvenile cases. V. Police Court: There would be no change, except that police comts would be restricted to first, second and third class cities. VI. Justice Court (Magistrate): Jurisdiction would be reduced to administering oaths, issuing subpoenas and processes, and conducting examining trials. 1846 Resolution Two paragraphs in the resolution drawn up by the Board of Trustees of the University of Louisville when the Law School was established in 1846 read: "Each professor in the Law Department shall have the right to collect from each student on delivering to him a ticket to his lectures for each session Twenty Dollars. And all expenses incident to that department shall be paid by the faculty of that c!epartment. "The Lecture Terms in the Law Department shall commence on the first Monday in the month of November and end on the first Monday in the month of March following." Eight THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER Davis and Trautwein Win Moot- Court Snyder, Shapiro Runners-up By Jim Simpson " 1ove aside, men!" The seven girls attending our law school can well say such now that Mrs. Virginia Davis and Mary Lou Trautwein have won the 1960-61 moot-court competition for freshment students. The first year females, representing night school competition, defeated Ronald Snyder and Harry Shapiro in the finals held in the Allen Courtroom on Sunday, April 16. Both Snyder and Shapiro, who captured the day-school honors, are first semester freshmen and began working on the case during their third week of law school. The annual moot-court final was judged by Henry L. Brooks, United State district judge; John S. Palmore, a judge on the Kentucky Court of Appeals; and L. R. Curti , Jefferson . County Circuit Court judge. The argued case involved a "defendant" who stole a jeep at_ gun point and killed a child while speeding across a playground. Arguing on behalf of the Commonwealth were Snyder and Shapiro. The finalist were presented with cash awards and keys. Jim Sohan, day-school junior, served this seme ter as president of Moot Court Club. Dave Beckman and J. T. Frankenberger were vice-president and secretary, respectively. Tribute ..... lim Sohan SBA OFFICERS The officers of the Student Bar Association for the school year 1960- 61 are: Ernie Eubanks, president; Tom Emberton, vice-president; Paul Kleine-Kracht, secretary; and Jerry N all, tre-asurer. (A more comple:e story concerning these officers appeared in the last edition of the Louisville Lau;yer.) On April 11, 1951, the announcement was made that Dr. Philip Davidson, then Dean of Vanderbilt University's Graduate School and Senior College, had been selected as president of the University of Louisville. From the start he saw his job as president of a municipal unive-rsity in broad terms- as administrator, as friend, and counsellor of faculty and students, and as a sort of academic ambassador to the community at large. In all these areas he has performed with notable success. . The law school, as well as every other branch of the University, has grown substantially, both in size and prestige, during his incumbency. The programs of each school have reflected the drive, the imagination and the wisdom of its active university president. And Philip Davidson, for all of his experience, is not yet out of his fifties. It is a happy thought that we have seen only the first Davidson decade at the U. of L. THE LOUISVILLE LAWYER University of Louisvilie School of Law 2301 South 3rd Street LOUISVILLE 8, KENTUCKY FORM 3547 REQUESTED Ed. Side Splitting Songs Highlight Gridiron Fete Held January 18 At Brown Hotel Louisville lawyers attending the annual gridiron dinner of the local bar association at the Brown Hotel January 18 had a blast! Some members even wore Bermuda shorts, straw hats, sweat shirts, and coconut hats to the dinner meeting that cold, winter night. But all seemed to keep warm somehow. Much of the warmth came from laughing until it hurt when Louisville attorneys Glenn Schilling, Gordon Davidson, and E. P. Sawyer got together with side-splitting songs and prose. The trio's major targets were the controversial location of the proposed new Atherton High School (City School Superintendent Sam oe v. Courier-Journal President Barry Bingham) and the state administration's cancelled truck contract. The Atherton situation was sung to the tune of "Mairzy Doats" and the truck deal to the tune of "Sixteen fons." For example: " oesis no then Noesis yes "Then Noesis nuts to Barry "City'll block it too "What'll he do? "If tl1e words seem queer "And funny to your ear "A little bit Claggett & Quarry "Say: "Noe says no "Then Noe says yes "Then Noe says nuts to Barry "Oh! oesis no "Then Toesis yes "Then Noesis nuts to Barry "City'll block it, too "What'll he do." "All The Voters Are Dumb' Or: "Politicians must think all the voters are dumb. "Cause they promise the loaf and give us the crumb "They give us the crumb, we tag along "On performances weak and promises strong. "They buy 34 trucks and what Jo we get "Some other new taxes and no bo11us yet." Elect An Accountant And a final jab at, "Why can't I be mayor? Why? Why? The most important qualification is the ability to estimate crowds at political rallies. For that reason alone an accountant should be mayor ... " The meeting was held at the Brown Hotel. About 80) attended. As the guests wandered away from the dinner, someone remembered the lines of the last verse of the second song: "They bought 34 trucks and what do we get "Some other new taxes and no bonus yet "The moral is as simple as A. B. C. "And he says he's returning in '63." Professors at the University of Louisville School of Law this semester are: ( left to right) William Peden, William Dolson, Dean Marlin Volz, Joseph S. Johnson, Carl Warns, Robert Foster, and A. C. Russell. Not pictured are Professors ]ames Merritt, Athol Lee Taylor, Laurence Knowles, and Stuart Lampe. Non-Profit Org. U. S. POST AGE PAID LOUISVILLE, KY. Permit No. 435 |
Subject |
University of Louisville. School of Law University of Louisville--Students University of Louisville--Alumni and alumnae University of Louisville--Faculty University of Louisville--Employees Law students Law & legal affairs Law and legislation--Kentucky Law and legislation--United States Law libraries Legal education Libraries |
Location Depicted |
Louisville (Ky.) Jefferson County (Ky.) |
Date Original | 1961-05 |
Object Type | Newspapers |
Source | Various-sized print newspapers published by students of the University of Louisville School of Law. The print edition may be found in the University of Louisville Law Library or the University of Louisville Archives and Records Center. |
Collection | Law Library Collection |
Collection Website | http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/law |
Digital Publisher | Law Library of the Louis D. Brandeis School of Law, University of Louisville |
Format | application/pdf |
Ordering Information | The publications digitized in this collection are the property of the University of Louisville School of Law and are not to be republished for commercial profit. To inquire about reproductions, permissions, or for additional information, email lawlibrary@louisville.edu. |
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