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Sanctuary of Jupiter, Baalbek, Lebanon, aerial view.
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Sanctuary of Jupiter, Baalbek, Lebanon, aerial view.
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Description
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Larger image may be viewed by UofL faculty, staff, and students only (log-in required using ULink username/password) at:
http://echo.louisville.edu/login?url=http://vrc-web.louisville.edu/Jpegs/360/366-154.jpg
Title
Sanctuary
of
Jupiter
,
Baalbek
,
Lebanon
,
aerial
view
.
Date
Mid-1st to mid-3rd century
Cultural Context
Ancient Roman
Roman
Lebanese
Middle Eastern
Near Eastern
Style/Period
Roman (ancient Italian style)
Imperial (Roman)
Theme
Architecture (object genre)
Sanctuaries (Ancient Roman and Greek)
Archaeological sites
Ruins
Buildings
Temples
Religious buildings
Ceremonial structures
Façades
Architectural elements
Columns (architectural elements)
Colonnades
Peripteral
Decastyle
Podiums (building divisions)
Porticoes
Plazas
Open spaces
Forecourts
Courtyards
Hexagons
Hexagonal
Hexagonal plan
Polygonal
Polygons
Propylaea
Gates
Gateways
Entrances
Walls
Fragments
Aerial views
Aerial photographs
Bird's-eye views
Bird's-eye perspectives
Subject
Architecture
Archaeological sites
Ruins
Buildings
Temples
Religious facilities
Facades
Architectural elements
Structural elements
Columns
Colonnades
Podiums
Plazas
Courtyards
Gates
Walls
Aerial photographs
Aerial views
Bird's-eye views
Description
“The
first
part
of the
project
,
which
began
perhaps
as
early
as
Augustus
, was a
grandiose
temple
to
Jupiter
; an
inscription
suggests
it
was
completed
by
60
CE
. The
Jupiter
temple
is
a
typical
example
of the
compromise
between
Greek
and
Roman
temple
design
so
common
in the
Eastern
provinces
.
It
had a
peripteral
colonnade
of
65-foot-tall
gray
limestone
columns
but
access
stairs
were
only
at the
front
. The
temple
is
remarkable
chiefly
for its
size
. The
facade
was
decastyle
, a
rare
feature
not
seen
in
Rome
until
Hadrian’s
Temple
of
Venus
and
Roma
, and there were
19
columns
on the
sides
. The
podium
was
44
feet
tall
, and the
peak
of the
gabled
roof
towered
130
feet
above
ground
level
.
[…]
About
a
century
later
,
possibly
under
Antoninus
Pius
, the
Heliopolitans
constructed
an
enormous
precinct
in
front
of the
temple
consisting
of
three
columnar
porticos
enclosing
a
plaza
320
feet
long
and
280
feet
wide
. At the
same
time
, a
temple
dedicated
to
Bacchus
was
erected
to the
south
of the
Jupiter
temple
.
Although
small
in
comparison
to its
earlier
neighbor
, the
Temple
of
Bacchus
is
still
quite
large
–
and
much
better
preserved
than the
Temple
of
Jupiter
.
It
too
was
peripteral
with a
frontal
staircase
. The
rich
carving
of the
entablature
impresses
all
who
visit
the
temple
.
[…]
Finally
, in the
third
century
,
Caracalla
and then
Philip
the
Arabian
(r
.
244-249)
added
an
unusual
hexagonal
forecourt
and a
monumental
propylon
(entrance
gateway)
. The
center
of the
propylon
had a
pediment
with an
arcuated
lintel
, as in the
Temple
of
Hadrian
at
Ephesus
. This
facade
and the
six-sided
forecourt
are the
only
baroque
elements
in an
otherwise
traditional
design.”
(pp.257-258)
Location Depicted
Baalbek (Lebanon)
Ba’labakk (Lebanon)
Lebanon
Middle East
Near East
Material
Limestone
Stone (rock)
Rock
Work Type
Architecture
Sanctuaries (Ancient Roman and Greek)
Buildings
Temples
Plazas
Gates
Courtyards
Ruins
Archaeological sites
Source
Kleiner, Fred S. A History of Roman Art. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. (fig.17-17, p.257)
Rights
Photo/illustration credit/reproduced in Kleiner courtesy: © Roger Wood / CORBIS.
Digital Publisher
University of Louisville Department of Fine Arts/Allen R. Hite Art Institute Visual Resources Center
Format
image/jpeg
Digital File Name
VRC
366-154.jpg
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