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"The Praetorians Relief"

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Larger Image	Larger image may be viewed by UofL faculty, staff, and students only (log-in required using ULink username/password) at: http://echo.louisville.edu/login?url=http://vrc-web.louisville.edu/Jpegs/760/762-22.jpg
Title	"The Praetorians Relief"
Date	51-52?
Cultural Context	Ancient Roman Roman Italian European Western European
Style/Period	Roman (ancient Italian style) Imperial (Roman)
Theme	Sculpture (visual work) Reliefs (sculptures) High reliefs (sculpture) Bas-reliefs (sculpture) Figurative art Figures (representations) Front views Three-quarter views Oblique views Profiles (figures) Men (male humans) Soldiers Military personnel Officers (military officers) Leaders (people) Security guards Standard-bearers Costume (mode of fashion) Military uniforms Uniforms Tunics Belts (costume accessories) Pleats Helmets Headgear Crests (helmets) Cuirasses Breastplates (body armor) Body armor Armor (protective wear) Heads (animal or human components) Faces (animal or human components) Myths (literary documents) Mythology (literary genre) Legends (folk tales) Folk tales Folklore Shields (armor) Patterns (design elements) Motifs Foliation (pattern) Meanders (patterns) Bosses Bearskins Hide Shoes (footwear) Footwear Swords Weapons Edged weapons Standards (identifying artifacts) Thunderbolts Lightning
Subject	Sculpture Bas-reliefs Men Military personnel Soldiers Military officers People associated with military activities Guards Bodyguards People associated with health & safety Clothing & dress Military uniforms Uniforms Belts (Clothing) Helmets Headgear Armor Heads (Anatomy) Faces Myths Legends Fictitious characters Supernatural beings Shields Patterns (Design elements) Bosses (Architecture) Hides & skins Shoes Footwear Arms & armament Daggers & swords Standards (Identifying artifacts) Military standards Lightning
Description	"This piece depicts three soldiers in high relief in the foreground and two others, accompanied by a standard bearer, in bas-relief behind. The plaque's original upright is preserved in the lower right; the upright on the left is modern. As indicated by the leg of a seventh person appearing on the field of the relief, the scene once continued to the left. The soldiers wear helmets with high crests and carry shields ornamented with protruding bosses surrounded by various decorative motifs, including a winged thunderbolt and lightning, foliate designs, and meanders. In the foreground, the soldier on the left wears an anatomical cuirass (armor covering his torso) with a belt and a three-tiered armiclausa; the soldier next to him wears a cuirass decorated with a gorgon's head, a belt, and a two-tiered armiclausa. The third wears a sleeveless tunic over his cuirass, a belt and a three-tiered armiclausa. The bearded standard bearer wears a bearskin on his head and holds a pilaster-shaped pole crowned by an eagle with folded wings, poised on a thunderbolt. […] The precise identification of the figures shown in this relief remains a topic of debate. They are not wearing the simple sandals (caligae) of ordinary soldiers, but rather the shoes known as calcei that were worn by high ranking dignitaries. The muscular cuirasses, particularly the one decorated with a gorgon and a belt with the two-tiered armiclausa, also suggest officers of high rank. The latter two ornamental elements probably distinguish the most eminent member of the group. The variety of their garb and shield ornamentation makes it difficult to identify the army corps to which these officers may have belonged. Serious doubts have also been expressed about the traditional interpretation that they are members of the Praetorian Guard; it has been suggested that they are actually officers of an unknown legion. […] It thus remains an open question whether these are officers of an unknown legion or members of the Praetorian Guard." (Excerpt from catalogue entry by Ludovic Laugier, p. 177). Discovered in Rome. Purchased in 1824, formerly in the Mattei collection (MA 1079-INV. LL 398). Restorers: N. Imbert and A. Méthivier, 2006.
People Pictured	Gorgons (Greek mythology)
Material	Gray veined marble Marble (rock) Rock Stone (rock)
Measurements	H: 63 3/8 in (161 cm); W: 48 3/8 in (123 cm)
Technique	Sculpting Carving (processes) High relief (technique) Bas-relief (sculpture technique)
Work Type	Sculpture Reliefs (sculptures) High reliefs (sculpture) Bas-reliefs (sculpture)
Repository	Musee du Louvre (Paris, France)
Source	Giroire, Cecile, and Daniel Roger. Roman Art from the Louvre. New York: American Federation of Arts in assoc. with Hudson Hills Press, 2007. (p.[176], cat.115).
Rights	Photographs of the works in the exhibition reproduced in Giroire courtesy: Copyright © 2007 Musee du Louvre and the American Federation of Arts/Anne Chauvet, Daniel Lebee, and Carine De Ambrosis.
Digital Publisher	University of Louisville Department of Fine Arts/Allen R. Hite Art Institute Visual Resources Center
Format	image/jpeg
Digital File Name	VRC 762-22.jpg
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