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Larger Image	Larger image may be viewed by UofL faculty, staff, and students only (log-in required using ULink username/password) at: http://echo.louisville.edu/login?url=http://vrc-web.louisville.edu/Jpegs/820/825-22.jpg
Title	Khafre, three-quarter view, left side.
Date	2520-2494 BCE?
Cultural Context	Egyptian Ancient Egyptian African North African Middle Eastern
Style/Period	Egyptian (ancient) Old Kingdom (Egyptian) Fourth Dynasty
Theme	Sculpture (visual work) Statues Figurative art Figures (representations) Ideal, the Three-quarter views Oblique views Front views Men (male humans) Pharaohs Kings (people) Royalty Rulers (people) Leaders (people) Monarchs Costume (mode of fashion) Kilts Shendyts Loincloths Headdresses Headgear Snakes False beards Uraeus Thrones Chairs (furniture forms) Ceremonial chairs Seating furniture Furniture Sitting Reliefs (sculptures) Bas-reliefs (sculpture) Plants (vegetation) Vegetation Lotus (motif) Animals Wild animals Wildlife Lions Birds Gods Myths (literary documents) Mythology (literary genre) Legends (folk tales) Folk tales Folklore Motifs Stylization Symbols Symbolism (artistic concept) Power
Subject	Sculpture Men Kings Rulers People associated with politics & government Muscles Clothing & dress Headdresses Headgear Cobras Snakes Reptiles Beards Thrones Chairs Seating furniture Furniture Sitting Bas-reliefs Plants Animals Lions Wild cats Birds Falcons Gods Myths Legends Supernatural beings Fictitious characters Symbols Power (Social sciences)
Description	From Gizeh, Egypt, Dynasty IV. "The seated statue of Khafre is one of a series of similar statues carved for the pharaoh's valley temple near the Great Sphinx. The stone is diorite, an exceptionally hard dark stone brought some 400 miles down the Nile from royal quarries in the south. […] Khafre wears a simple kilt and sits rigidly upright on a throne formed of two stylized lions' bodies. Intertwined lotus and papyrus plants - symbol of the united Egypt - are carved between the throne's legs. The falcon-god Horus extends his protective wings to shelter the pharaoh's head. Khafre has the royal false beard fastened to his chin and wears the royal linen nemes headdress with the uraeus cobra of kingship on the front. The headdress covers his forehead and falls in pleated folds over his shoulders. (The head of the Great Sphinx is similarly attired.) As befitting a divine ruler, Khafre is shown with a well-developed, flawless body and a perfect face, regardless of his actual age and appearance. The Egyptians considered ideal proportions appropriate for representing imposing majesty, and artists used them quite independently of reality. This and all other generalized representations of the pharaohs are not true portraits and were not intended to be. Their purpose was not to record individual features or the distinctive shapes of bodies, but rather to proclaim the godlike nature of Egyptian kingship. […] The seated king radiates serenity. The sculptor created this effect, common to Egyptian royal statues, in part by giving the figure great compactness and solidity, with few projecting, breakable parts. The form manifests the purpose: to last for eternity. Khafre's body is attached to the unarticulated slab that forms the back of the king's throne. His arms are held close to the torso and thighs, and his legs are close together and connected to the chair by the stone the artist chose not to remove. The pose is frontal, rigid, and bilaterally symmetrical (the same on either side of an axis, in this case the vertical axis). The sculptor suppressed all movement and with it the notion of time, creating an eternal stillness." (Excerpt, p.65)
People Pictured	Khafre, King of Egypt, r.2520-2494 BCE Horus (Egyptian deity)
Material	Diorite Rock Stone (rock)
Measurements	Approx. 5' 6" high
Technique	Sculpting Carving (processes)
Work Type	Sculpture Statues
Repository	Egyptian Museum (Cairo, Egypt)
Source	Kleiner, Fred S., and Christin J. Mamiya. Gardner's Art Through the Ages. 12th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2005. (fig.3-12, p.65)
Rights	Photo credit/reproduced in Kleiner courtesy: Araldo de Luca.
Digital Publisher	University of Louisville Department of Fine Arts/Allen R. Hite Art Institute Visual Resources Center
Format	image/jpeg
Digital File Name	VRC 825-22.jpg
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Khafre, three-quarter view, left side.

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